خود مختيار رياستن جي فهرست

هي خودمختيار رياستن جي فهرست، دنيا سڀ ئي رياستن، جيڪا پنهنجي خودمختياري جو دعوو ڪنديون آهن، جو هڪ جائزو پيش ڪري ٿي، جن ۾ هن رياستن جي خودمختياري ۽ ٻين ملڪن طرفان سڃاڻپ جي حيثيت متعلق ڄاڻ ڏنل آهي.

اها 206 رياستون جيڪا فهرست ۾ شامل آهن، کي ٽن ڀاڱن ۾ ورهايو ويو آهي؛ 193 رياستون، جيڪيون گڏيل قومن جي اداري جي مڪمل رڪن آهن،^[1] 2 رياستون، جيڪيون گڏيل قومن جي جنرل اسيمبلي جي مبصر رياستون آھن ۽ 10 ٻيون تڪراري رياستون شامل آهن. 188 رياستون، جنهن ۾ 187 گڏيل قومن جي مڪمل رڪنيت واريون رياستون ۽ هڪ مبصر رياست شامل آهي، جي خودمختياري تي ڪو به تنازعو ناهي، جڏهن ته 15 رياستون جنهن جي خودمختياري تڪراري آهي، مان 6 گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي مڪمل رڪن رياستون، هڪ مبصر رياست، 6 ڊي فيڪٽو رياستون ۽ ٻه خاص حيثيت رکندڙ رياستون (ٻنهي نيوزيلينڊ سان آزاد لاڳاپيل ۾ آهن) شامل آهن.

فهرست ۾ شامل ڪرڻ لاء معيار

اهڙي نوعيت جي فهرست ترتيب ڏيڻ هڪ پيچيده ۽ تڪراري عمل ٿي سگهي ٿو، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ قومن جي عالمي برادري جي سڀني ميمبرن تي پابند اهڙي ڪا هڪجهڙي تعريف موجود ناهي، جيڪا رياست لاءِ معيار مقرر ڪري. هن فهرست ۾ شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ معيارن بابت وڌيڪ ڄاڻ لاءِ مهرباني ڪري هيٺ ڏنل شموليت جا معيار وارو حصو ڏسو. هن فهرست جو مقصد انهن ادارن کي شامل ڪرڻ آهي، جيڪي پاڻ کي خودمختيار رياست طور ڊي فيڪٽو حيثيت سان تسليم ڪرايو ويٺا آهن؛ ۽ هن فهرست ۾ شموليت کي ڪنهن به اداري جي رياستي بابت قانوني حيثيت جي حمايت يا توثيق طور نه سمجهيو وڃي. بين الاقوامي رواجي قانون ۾ رياست بابت غالب معيار کي رياست جو اعلامي نظريو چيو وڃي ٿو، جيڪو 1933ع جي مونٽيوڊيو ڪنوينشن ذريعي ضابطه بند ڪيو ويو. هن ڪنوينشن موجب، بين الاقوامي قانون جي تحت هڪ رياست کي قانوني شخص ان صورت ۾ سمجهيو ويندو، جيڪڏهن اها هيٺيان شرط پوري ڪري:

(a) مستقل آبادي؛
(b) مقرر ٿيل علائقو؛
(c) حڪومت؛ ۽
(d) ٻين رياستن سان لاڳاپا قائم ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت؛

بشرطيڪه اها رياست زبردستي ذريعي حاصل نه ڪئي وئي هجي، ڇا اهو هٿيارن جي استعمال، سفارتي ڌمڪين، يا ڪنهن ٻئي اثرائتي جبر واري طريقي سان هجي^[2]. ان ڳالهه تي به بحث موجود آهي ته سفارتي سڃاڻپ کي رياستيت جو لازمي معيار سمجهيو وڃي يا نه. رياستيت جو اعلامي نظريو ان ڳالهه جو حامي آهي ته رياستيت هڪ مڪمل طور تي موضوعي حيثيت رکي ٿي، ۽ ٻين رياستن طرفان سڃاڻپ غير لاڳاپيل آهي. ان جي ابتڙ، رياست جو تشڪيلي نظريو چوي ٿو ته ڪا به رياست تڏهن ئي بين الاقوامي قانون جي تحت شخصيت حاصل ڪري ٿي، جڏهن ٻين رياستن طرفان ان کي خودمختيار طور تسليم ڪيو وڃي. هن فهرست جي مقصد لاءِ، اهي سڀئي سياسي ادارا شامل ڪيا ويا آهن، جيڪي پاڻ کي خودمختيار رياست سمجهن ٿا (چاهي آزاديءَ جي اعلان ذريعي يا ڪنهن ٻئي طريقي سان) ۽ گڏوگڏ هيٺين مان گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هڪ شرط پوري ڪن: اڪثر حالتن ۾ رياستيت جي اعلامي نظريي مطابق سمجهيا وڃن، ياگهٽ ۾ گهٽ گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي هڪ ميمبر رياست طرفان خودمختيار رياست طور سڃاتا وڃن. ڪجهه حالتن ۾ پهرين شرط جي تشريح بابت اختلاف موجود آهي، ۽ اهو تڪراري بڻيل آهي ته ڪو ادارو واقعي ان معيار تي پورو لهي ٿو يا نه. اهڙا منفرد سياسي ادارا، جيڪي مڪمل خودمختيار رياست جي درجي تي پورا نٿا لهن، نيم رياستون يا ابتدائي رياستون (proto-states) سڏجن ٿيون^[3]1107161627}}. مٿين معيارن جي بنياد تي، هن فهرست ۾ ڪُل 205 ادارا شامل ڪيا ويا آهن:{{efn|هيٺ ڏنل نقطا ٻن معيارن ((a) يا (b)) لاءِ ذريعن جي دستيابي جي بنياد تي ترتيب ڏنل آهن. هي ترتيب ٻنهي نظريائن جي اهميت جي ڀيٽ کي ظاهر ڪرڻ لاءِ نه آهي. وڌيڪ تفصيل هر رياست جي الڳ اندراج ۾ ڏنل آهن.مالٽا جو خودمختيار مليٽري آرڊر کي هن فهرست ۾ شامل نه ڪيو ويو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ⁠تہ خودمختيار حيثيت باوجود ان وٽ علائقو موجود ناهي ۽ نه ئي اها رياست جي دعويٰ ڪري ٿي. ننڍڙي رياست (micronation) طور سڃاتل ادارا به شامل ناهن ڪيا ويا، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ انهن جي دعويٰ ڪيل علائقن تي حقيقي ڪنٽرول اڪثر تڪراري هوندو آهي. ان سان گڏ، سڀئي غير رابطي وارا ماڻھو پڻ خارج ڪيا ويا آهن، جيڪي يا ته اهڙين سماجن ۾ رهن ٿا جن کي رياست نٿو چئي سگهجي، يا جن جي حيثيت قطعي طور معلوم ناهي. 203 رياستون جيڪي گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هڪ ميمبر رياست طرفان تسليم ٿيل آهن هڪ رياست جيڪا رياستيت جي اعلامي نظريي تي پوري لهي ٿي ۽ رڳو غير گڏيل قومن جي ميمبر رياستن طرفان سڃاتي وڃي ٿي هڪ رياست جيڪا رياستيت جي اعلامي نظريي تي پوري لهي ٿي پر ڪنهن به ٻي رياست طرفان سڃاتي نه وئي آهي ٽيبل جي ساڄي پاسي واري ڪالم ۾ اهي ادارا نشان لڳايل آهن، جيڪي يا ته مڪمل خودمختيار رياستون ناهن يا ڪنهن ٻي خودمختيار رياست سان ويجهڙي لاڳاپي ۾ آهن. ان ۾ اهي ذيلي قومي علائقا به شامل آهن، جتي نالي واري رياست جي خودمختياري ڪنهن بين الاقوامي معاهدي سبب محدود ٿيل آهي. گڏيل طور تي، انهن ۾ هيٺيان شامل آهن: اهي ادارا جيڪي ڪنهن ٻي رياست سان آزاد وابستگي واري رياست (associated state) جي لاڳاپي ۾ آهن پاڪستان جي ڪنٽرول هيٺ ٻه ادارا، جيڪي نه خودمختيار رياستون آهن، نه ماتحت علائقا، ۽ نه ئي ڪنهن ٻي رياست جو حصو آهن: آزاد ڪشمير ۽ گلگت بلتستان ڪنهن ٻي رياست جا ماتحت علائقا، يا اهڙا علائقا جيڪي ماتحت علائقا واري صفحي مطابق ماتحت علائقن جون گهڻيون خاصيتون رکن ٿا اهي ذيلي قومي ادارا، جيڪي بين الاقوامي معاهدن تحت قائم ڪيا ويا آهن

گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي نظام ۾ رڪنيت واري ڪالم جي ليجنڊ:

گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جون مڪمل رڪنيت واري رياستون
گڏيل قومن جي جنرل اسيمبلي جي مبصر رياستون

محدود سڃاڻپ واري رياستن جي فهرست واري ڪالم جي ليجنڊ:
غير متنازع خودمختياري
تڪراري خودمختياري

رياستن جي فهرست

گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي مڪمل رڪن ۽ مبصر رياستن جي فهرست

گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جي نظام ۾ رڪنيت واري ڪالم جي ليجنڊ:

گڏيل قومن جي تنظيم جون مڪمل رڪنيت واري رياستون
گڏيل قومن جي جنرل اسيمبلي جي مبصر رياستون

محدود سڃاڻپ واري رياستن جي فهرست واري ڪالم جي ليجنڊ:
غير متنازع خودمختياري
تڪراري خودمختياري

عام ۽ رسمي نالا	گڏيل قومن ۾ رڪنيت؟	خودمختياري تڪرار	راڄڌاني ۽ وڏا شهر
افغانستان ، سرڪاري نالو، امارت اسلامي افغانستان	رياست تنظيم جي رڪن آهي.	ڪو به نا امارت اسلامي افغانستان جي حڪومت کي گڏيل قومن يا ڪنهن ٻئي رياست (روس کان سواءِ) تسليم نه ڪيو آهي.^[4] جڏهن ته ختم ٿيل اڳوڻي حڪومت، اڃا تائين اداري پاران تسليم ٿيل آهي.^[5]^[6]	ڪابل (راڄڌاني) غزني ھرات
البانيا ، سرڪاري نالو، جمهوريه البانيه	رياست تنظيم جي رڪن آهي.	ڪو به نا	تيرانا (راڄڌاني) دريس ويلوري
الجزائر ، سرڪاري نالو، عوامي جمهوري جمهوريه الجزائر	رياست تنظيم جي رڪن آهي.	ڪو به نا	الجزائر شھر (راڄڌاني) وهران قسطنطينه
انڊورا – انڊورا جي پرنسيپلٽي	رياست تنظيم جي رڪن آهي.	ڪو به نا سانچو:Extentانڊورا هڪ مشترڪ پرنسپلٽي آهي، جنهن ۾ سربراههءِ رياست جو عهدو سرڪاري حيثيت سان گڏيل طور تي فرانس جي صدر ۽ رومن ڪيٿولڪ ڊائيوسيس آف ارگيل جي بشپ وٽ هوندو آهي،^[7] جنهن کي پاڻ Holy See جي منظوري سان مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي.
انگولا – Republic of Angola	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
انٽيگوا ۽ باربودا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentAntigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} with one autonomous region, Barbuda.^[8]^{[lower-alpha 2]}
ارجنٽائن – Argentine Republic^{[lower-alpha 3]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentArgentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.^{[lower-alpha 4]}
آرمينيا – Republic of Armenia	A UN member state	Not recognised by Pakistan سانچو:ExtentArmenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.^[10]^[11]^[12]^{[اپڊيٽ گھربل آھي]}
آسٽريليا – Commonwealth of Australia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentAustralia is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are: Ashmore and Cartier Islands ڪرسمس ٻيٽ [[Image:\|22x20px\|border \|link=]] ڪوڪوس ٻيٽ Coral Sea Islands Territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands نيرو فيڪا ٻيٽ Australian Antarctic Territory
آسٽريا – Republic of Austria	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the European Union.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Austria is a federation of nine states.
آذربائيجان – Republic of Azerbaijan^{[lower-alpha 6]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentAzerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
بهاماس – Commonwealth of The Bahamas^[14]	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentThe Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
بحرين – Kingdom of Bahrain	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بنگلا ديش – People's Republic of Bangladesh	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بارباڊوس	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بيلاروس – Republic of Belarus	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMany states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognises Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.^[15]
بيلجيئم – Kingdom of Belgium	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.
بليز	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentBelize is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
بینن – Republic of Benin	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڀوٽان – Kingdom of Bhutan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بوليويا – Plurinational State of Bolivia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بوسينيا ۽ هرزيگووينا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentBosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina سانچو:Country data Republika Srpska and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.^[16]
بوٽسوانا – Republic of Botswana	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
برازيل – Federative Republic of Brazil	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentBrazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
برونائي – Brunei Darussalam	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
بلغاريه – Republic of Bulgaria	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
برڪينا فاسو	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
برونڊي – Republic of Burundi	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪمبوڊيا – Kingdom of Cambodia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪيمرون – Republic of Cameroon	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪينيڊا ^{[lower-alpha 7]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentCanada is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.
ڪيپ ورڊي – Republic of Cabo Verde^{[lower-alpha 8]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
وسطي آفريقي جمهوريا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
چاڊ – Republic of Chad	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
چلي – Republic of Chile	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentChile has one special territory, Easter Island.^{[lower-alpha 9]}
چين – People's Republic of China^{[lower-alpha 10]}	A UN member state	Partially unrecognised. سانچو:Claimedby سانچو:ExtentChina contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.^{[lower-alpha 2]} Additionally, it has sovereignty over two Special Administrative Regions: هانگ ڪانگ مڪائو China claims, but does not control, Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.^{[lower-alpha 11]} China is not recognised by [[Foreign relations of China#Countries without diplomatic relations with the PRC\|سانچو:Numrec]] UN member states and Vatican City, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.^{[lower-alpha 12]}
ڪولمبيا – Republic of Colombia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪوموروس – Union of the Comoros	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentComoros is a federation of three islands.^{[lower-alpha 13]}
عوامي جمهوريا ڪانگو ^{[lower-alpha 14]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
جمهوريا ڪانگو ^{[lower-alpha 15]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪوسٽاريڪا – Republic of Costa Rica	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪروشيا – Republic of Croatia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
ڪيوبا – Republic of Cuba	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
قبرص – Republic of Cyprus	A UN member state	Not recognised by Turkey^[19] سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus problem, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.
چيڪ جمهوريا ^{[lower-alpha 16]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
سانچو:Country data Kingdom of Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The Kingdom of Denmark includes two self-governing territories: فريبو ٻيٽ گرين لينڊ The metropolitan territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.^{[lower-alpha 17]} The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law (in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. See Greenland and the European Union, and Faroe Islands and the European Union.^[20]^[21]
جبوتي – Republic of Djibouti	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڊومينيڪا – Commonwealth of Dominica	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ايڪواڊور – Republic of Ecuador	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
مصر – Arab Republic of Egypt	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ايل سلواڊور – Republic of El Salvador	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ايڪوٽوريل گائينا – Republic of Equatorial Guinea	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
اريٽيريا – State of Eritrea	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
اسٽونيا – Republic of Estonia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
سوازيلينڊ – Kingdom of Eswatini^{[lower-alpha 18]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ايٿوپيا – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentEthiopia is a federation of 12 regions and two chartered cities.
فجي – Republic of Fiji	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentFiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.^{[lower-alpha 2]}^[22]^[23]
فن لينڊ – Republic of Finland	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} آلند ٻيٽ is a neutral and demilitarized autonomous region of Finland.^{[lower-alpha 2]}^{[lower-alpha 19]}
فرانس – French Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes eight overseas territories: Clipperton Island فرينچ پولينسيا نيو ڪيليڊونيا Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna ڏکڻ فرينچ ۽ انٽارڪٽيڪا زمين ^{[lower-alpha 20]}
گيبون – Gabonese Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
گيمبيا – Republic of The Gambia^[24]	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سانچو:Country data Georgia (country)	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentGeorgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.^{[lower-alpha 2]} In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
جرمني – Federal Republic of Germany	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Germany is a federation of 16 states.
گهانا – Republic of Ghana	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
يونان – Hellenic Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.^[25]
گريناڊا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentGrenada is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
گوئٽي مالا – Republic of Guatemala	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
گائينا – Republic of Guinea^{[lower-alpha 21]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
گائينا بسيو – Republic of Guinea-Bissau	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
گيانا – Co-operative Republic of Guyana	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
هيٽي – Republic of Haiti	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
هنڊوراس – Republic of Honduras	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ھنگري	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
آئس لينڊ ^{[lower-alpha 22]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڀارت – Republic of India	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentIndia is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.
انڊونيشيا – Republic of Indonesia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentIndonesia has nine autonomous provinces: Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
ايران – Islamic Republic of Iran	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
عراق – Republic of Iraq	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentIraq is a federation^{[lower-alpha 13]}^[29] of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
آئرلينڊ ^{[lower-alpha 23]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
اسرائيل – State of Israel	A UN member state	Partially unrecognised سانچو:ExtentIsrael exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. It has annexed East Jerusalem,^[31] an act not recognised by the international community.^[32] Israel has varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although it ended its permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36] Israel is not recognised as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, recognised Israel in 1993.
اٽلي – Italian Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Italy has five autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
آئيوري ڪوسٽ – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire^{[lower-alpha 24]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
جميڪا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentJamaica is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
جاپان	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
اردن – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
قازقستان – Republic of Kazakhstan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪينيا – Republic of Kenya	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪريبتي – Republic of Kiribati	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪويت – State of Kuwait	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڪرغزستان – Kyrgyz Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
لائوس – Lao People's Democratic Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ليٽويا – Republic of Latvia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
لبنان – Republic of Lebanon	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ليسوٿو – Kingdom of Lesotho	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
لابيريا – Republic of Liberia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
لبيا – State of Libya	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
لڪٽنسٽائين – Principality of Liechtenstein	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
لٿوينيا – Republic of Lithuania	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
لڪسمبرگ – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
مڊگاسڪر – Republic of Madagascar	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ملاوي – Republic of Malawi	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ملائيشيا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMalaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
مالديپ – Republic of Maldives	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
مالي – Republic of Mali	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
مالٽا – Republic of Malta	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
مارشل ٻيٽ – Republic of the Marshall Islands	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.
موريتانيا – Islamic Republic of Mauritania	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
موريشس – Republic of Mauritius	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
ميڪسيڪو – United Mexican States	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.
فيڊرل اسٽيس آف مائڪرونيشا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.
مولڊووا – Republic of Moldova	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMoldova has two autonomous territorial units, Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter and a city, Bender (Tighina), are under the de facto control of Transnistria.
موناڪو – Principality of Monaco	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
منگوليا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
مونٽينيگرو	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
مراڪش – Kingdom of Morocco	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentPart of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Republic.
موزمبيق – Republic of Mozambique	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
برما – Republic of the Union of Myanmar^{[lower-alpha 25]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognised the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.^[6]
نميبيا – Republic of Namibia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
نائورو – Republic of Nauru	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
نيپال – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentNepal is a federation composed of seven provinces.
نيدرلينڊز جي بادشاھت – Kingdom of the Netherlands	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy: آروبا ڪوراسائو نيدرلينڊز سنٽ مارٽن The Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the metropolitan Netherlands.^{[lower-alpha 26]} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law only wholly applies to parts within Europe.
نيوزي لينڊ	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentNew Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,^{[lower-alpha 1]} and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory: ٽوڪليا Ross Dependency The New Zealand Government acts for the entire Realm of New Zealand in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states: ڪوڪ ٻيٽ نائيو The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with سانچو:Numrel and سانچو:Numrel UN members respectively.^[37]^[38] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,^[39] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.
نڪاراگوا – Republic of Nicaragua	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentNicaragua contains two autonomous regions, North Caribbean Coast and South Caribbean Coast.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
نائيجر – Republic of the Niger	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
نائجيريا – Federal Republic of Nigeria	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentNigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
اتر ڪوريا – Democratic People's Republic of Korea	A UN member state	سانچو:Claimedby سانچو:ExtentNorth Korea is not recognised by one UN member, South Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.^[40]
سانچو:Country data North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia^{[lower-alpha 27]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ناروي – Kingdom of Norway	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentNorway has two unincorporated areas in Europe: Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated. Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere: Bouvet Island Peter I Island Queen Maud Land
عمان – Sultanate of Oman	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
پاڪستان – Islamic Republic of Pakistan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentPakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,^[41]^[42] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.^[43]^[44] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper: آزاد ڪشمير Gilgit-Baltistan Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.^[45]^[46]^[47] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.^[46]^[48]^[49]
پالائو – Republic of Palau	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.
فلسطين جي رياست – State of Palestine	A UN General Assembly observer state; member of two UN specialized agencies	Partially unrecognised. Occupied by Israel. سانچو:ExtentThe State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from سانچو:Numrec states.^[50] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.^[51] The Palestinian Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the occupied Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.^[52] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,^[53] UNIDO and other international organizations.^[54]
پاناما – Republic of Panama	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
پاپوا نيو گني – Independent State of Papua New Guinea	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentPapua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} with one autonomous region, Bougainville.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
پيراگوئي – Republic of Paraguay	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
پيرو – Republic of Peru	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
فلپائن – Republic of the Philippines	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentThe Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
پولينڊ – Republic of Poland	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
پورچوگال – Portuguese Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
قطر – State of Qatar	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
رومانيا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
روس – Russian Federation	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentRussia is a federation of 83 internationally recognised federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
روانڊا – Republic of Rwanda	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سينٽ ڪيٽس ۽ نيوس – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSaint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} and is a federation^{[lower-alpha 13]} of two islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
سينٽ لوسيا	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSaint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
سينٽ وينسينٽ ۽ گريناڊائنز	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSaint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
ساموآ – Independent State of Samoa	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سان مارينو – Republic of San Marino	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سائوٽوم – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSão Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
سعودي عرب – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سينيگال – Republic of Senegal	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سربيا – Republic of Serbia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSerbia contains two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.^{[lower-alpha 2]} The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.
سيليڪاز – Republic of Seychelles	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سيرا ليون – Republic of Sierra Leone	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سنگاپور – Republic of Singapore	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سلوواڪيا – Slovak Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
سلووينیا – Republic of Slovenia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
سولومن آئلينڊز	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSolomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
صوماليا – Federal Republic of Somalia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSomalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.
ڏکڻ آفريقا – Republic of South Africa	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ڏکڻ ڪوريا – Republic of Korea	A UN member state	سانچو:Claimedby سانچو:ExtentSouth Korea has one autonomous region, Jeju Province.^{[lower-alpha 2]}^[55] South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.
ڏکڻ سوڊان – Republic of South Sudan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSouth Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas. The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[56]^[57]
اسپين – Kingdom of Spain	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.^{[lower-alpha 2]}^{[lower-alpha 28]}
سري لنڪا – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka^{[lower-alpha 29]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سوڊان – Republic of the Sudan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSudan is a federation of 18 states. The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[56]^[57]
سورينام – Republic of Suriname	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سويڊن – Kingdom of Sweden	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}
سوئٽزرلينڊ – Swiss Confederation	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentSwitzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
شام – Syrian Arab Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentDuring the Syrian civil war, the Syrian National Coalition (SNC) was recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members and established an interim government to rule rebel-controlled territory. After the fall of the Assad regime, the SNC declared its allegiance to the new government. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region, Rojava.
تاجڪستان – Republic of Tajikistan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentTajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
تنزانيا – United Republic of Tanzania	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentTanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
ٿائي لينڊ – Kingdom of Thailand	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
اوڀر تيمور – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste^{[lower-alpha 30]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ٽوگو – Togolese Republic	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ٽونگا – Kingdom of Tonga	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ٽرينيڊاڊ ۽ ٽوباگو – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentTrinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
تيونس – Republic of Tunisia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ترڪي – Republic of Türkiye^{[lower-alpha 31]}	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ترڪمانستان	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ٽوالو	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentTuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
يوگينڊا – Republic of Uganda	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
يوڪرين	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentUkraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,^{[lower-alpha 2]} which is under the control of Russia. Seven other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, including Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhia oblasts and Sevastopol.
گڏيل عرب امارات	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentThe United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
يونائيٽيڊ ڪنگڊم – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentThe United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 1]} consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory: Akrotiri and Dhekelia^{[lower-alpha 32]} سانچو:Country data Anguilla برموڊا سانچو:Country data British Indian Ocean Territory برٽش ورجن آئلينڊز ڪيمين ٻيٽ سانچو:Country data Falkland Islands سانچو:Country data Gibraltar مانٽسيرئٽ سانچو:Country data Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ^{[lower-alpha 33]} سانچو:Country data South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands سانچو:Country data Turks and Caicos Islands سانچو:Country data British Antarctic Territory The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies: سانچو:Country data Bailiwick of Guernsey آئل آف مين جرزي
گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون – United States of America	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentThe United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll). Additionally, the federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these unincorporated territories, five are inhabited possessions: آمريڪي ساموا گوام سانچو:Country data Northern Mariana Islands پورٽو ريڪو سانچو:Country data U.S. Virgin Islands The United States also has sovereignty over eight uninhabited territories: Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Wake Island The United States disputes sovereignty over two territories: Bajo Nuevo Bank Serranilla Bank Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association: مارشل ٻيٽ فيڊرل اسٽيس آف مائڪرونيشا پالائو
يوروگائي – Oriental Republic of Uruguay	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
ازبڪستان – Republic of Uzbekistan	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentUzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
وانوآتو – Republic of Vanuatu	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
سانچو:Country data Vatican City – Vatican City State	A UN General Assembly observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies	A None سانچو:ExtentAdministered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to سانچو:Numrec (including سانچو:Numrec UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Palestine).^[58] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of three UN specialized agencies (ITU, UPU, and WIPO) and the IAEA, as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")^[52] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.
وينزويلا – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	A UN member state	A None سانچو:ExtentVenezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies.
ويت نام – Socialist Republic of Vietnam	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
يمن – Republic of Yemen	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
زيمبيا – Republic of Zambia	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent
زمبابوي – Republic of Zimbabwe	A UN member state	A None سانچو:Extent

Other states

"Membership within the UN System" column legend

Member state of a UN Specialized Agency

No membership

"Sovereignty dispute" column legend

Undisputed sovereignty

Disputed sovereignty

Common and formal names	Membership within the UN System^{[lower-alpha 34]}	Sovereignty dispute^{[lower-alpha 35]}
ابخازيا – Republic of Abkhazia	D No membership	Claimed by Georgia. Occupied by Russia. سانچو:Extent Recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.^[59] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
ڪوڪ ٻيٽ	D Member of eight UN specialized agencies	A None (See political status) سانچو:ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with at least 63 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty-making capacity.^[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
ڪوسوو – Republic of Kosovo	D Member of two UN specialized agencies	سانچو:Claimedby سانچو:ExtentPursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.^[60] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has سانچو:Numrec and the Republic of China (Taiwan), while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.^[61] Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
نائيو	D Member of five UN specialized agencies	A None (See political status) سانچو:ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with at least 28 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty-making capacity.^[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
اتر ڪپرس – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	D No membership	Claimed by Cyprus. Occupied by Turkey. سانچو:Extent Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.^[62]
سانچو:Country data Sahrawi Republic – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	D No membership	Claimed and occupied by Morocco. سانچو:ExtentThe Polisario Front, which administers the Sahrawi Republic, is recognized by the UN as the legitimate representative of the people of Western Sahara.^[63]^[64] Recognised at some stage by سانچو:Numrec, سانچو:Numrec of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union, an international organization with permanent observer status at the UN General Assembly. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan sand wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
سانچو:Country data Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland	D No membership	سانچو:Claimedby سانچو:ExtentA de facto independent state^[65]^[66]^[67] not formally diplomatically recognised by any other state^{[lower-alpha 37]} and claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.^[68]
ڏکڻ اوسيشيا – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania	D No membership	Claimed by Georgia. Occupied by Russia. سانچو:ExtentA de facto independent state,^[69] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia through the Administration of South Ossetia.^[70]
تائيوان – Republic of China^{[lower-alpha 10]}	D UN member state until 1971, now no membership	Partially unrecognised. سانچو:Claimedby. سانچو:ExtentA state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, and Pratas Island, as well as Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.^[71] The ROC is recognised by سانچو:Numrec UN member states and Vatican City, none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC. In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations^[72] with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.^[73] The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.^{[lower-alpha 11]} The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei". In the WTO, the ROC has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.
سانچو:Country data Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	D No membership	Claimed by Moldova. Occupied by Russia. سانچو:ExtentA de facto independent state,^[65] recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.^[59] Claimed in whole by Moldova.^[74]

پڻ ڏسو

رياست جو نالو	گڏيل قومن ۾ حيثيت	خودمختياري تي تنازعو	حيثيت ۽ خودمختياري جي اقرار بابت وڌيڪ ڄاڻ
ريپبلڪ آف آئرلينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو
آسٽريليا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	آسٽريليا دولته مشترڪه جو ميمبر ۽ 6 رياستن جو وفاق ۽ 10 علائقن تي مشتمل ملڪ آهي. ٻاهريان علائقا هيٺ ڏيکاريل آهن. اشمور ۽ ڪارٽير ٻيٽ آسٽريليوي انٽارڪٽيڪي علائقا ڪرسمس ٻيٽ ڪوڪوس (ڪيلينگ) ٻيٽ مرجاني ٻيٽ وارو علائقو هيئرڊ ٻيٽ ۽ ميڪڊونلڊ ٻيٽ نيرو فيڪا ٻيٽَ
آئيوري ڪوسٽ
آذربائيجان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	آذربائيجان ۾ ٻه خودمختيار رياستون نخجوان ۽ نگورنو ڪاراباخ شامل آهن.
آرمينيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	پاڪستان آرمينيا کي آزاد ملڪ طور تسليم ناهي ڪيو.
آسٽريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو ۽ 9 رياستن تي مشتمل وفاق آهي.
آئس لينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ابخازيہ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن ناهي	جارجيا پاران دعوا ڪيل	ابخازيه کي روس، وينزويلا کان سواءِ ڪو به گڏيل قومن جو رڪن ملڪ، آزاد ملڪ تسليم نٿو ڪري. هن علائقي مٿان جارجيا جي دعوا آهي ۽ جارجيا هن کي ريپبلڪ آف ابخايزه جو خودمختيار علائقو تسليم ڪري ٿو.
اوڀر تيمور	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اتر ڪوريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ڏکڻ ڪوريا پاران دعوا ڪيل	اتر ڪوريا کي گڏيل قومن جي اداري جا ٽي رڪن، فرانس، جاپان ۽ ڏکڻ ڪوريا آزاد ملڪ تسليم نٿا ڪن.
انگولا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اٽلي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو آهي ۽ 5 خودمختيار رياستون شامل آهن جن کي سرڪاري طور ”خاص حيثيت وارا علائقا” چيو ويندو آهي. اوستا وادي فريولي وينيزيا جوليا سرڊينيا سسيله ترينتينو ڏکڻ ٽائرول
ارجنٽائن	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	ارجنٽائن 23 صوبن تي مشتعمل وفاق آهي ۽ 1 شهر خودمختيار آهي.
اردن	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اريٽيريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ازبڪستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	ازبڪستان ۾ هڪ خودمختيار علائقو قراقل پاقستان شامل آهي.
استوائي گني	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اسرائيل	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	جزوي طور خودمختياري تسليم نه ڪيل	اسرائيل جو انهن علائقن تي مظبوط اختيار آهي جن علائقن تي فلسطين جي دعوا آهي. اسرائيل اوڀر بيت المقدس کي پنهنجي رياست ۾ شامل ڪري ڇڏيو، پر عالمي دنيا ان فيصلي کي تسليم نه ڪيو. اسرائيل جو اولهندي ڪناري تي پڻ ڪنٽرول آهي. توڙي جو عزا پٽي تي اسرائيلي شهري توڙي فوجي موجود ناهن پر خيال آهي ته عالمي قانون موجب اڄ به اسرائيل اتي قابض آهي. اسرائيل کي گڏيل قومن جي 32 رڪن ملڪن پاران تسليم ناهي ڪيو ويو.
اسٽونيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو
اسپين	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو آهي. اسپين 18 خودمختيار برادرين ۽ 2 خاص خودمختيار شهرن تي ٻڌيل ملڪ آهي.
افغانستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
البانيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
الجيريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اينڊورا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
انڊونيشيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	اندونيشيا 5 صوبن، آچي، جڪارتا، یوگیاڪارتا، پاپوا، اولهندو پاپوا تي ٻڌل ملڪ آهي، اندونيشيا ۾ صوبن کي خاص قسم جي خودمختياري پڻ ڏنل آهي.
ايٿوپيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	اٿوپيا 9 علائقن ۽ ٻن خاص شهرن تي مشتمل ملڪ آهي.
ايران	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ايل سيلويڊور	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
اينٽيگا ۽ باربوڊا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	دولته مشترڪه جو ميمبر ملڪ آهي. هڪ خومختيار علائقو باربوڊا پڻ شامل اٿس.
ايڪواڊور	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
بيلاروس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	بيلاروس روس سان گڏيل رياست جوڙي آهي.
بارباڊوس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	دولته مشترڪه جو حصو
بحرين	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
برازيل	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	برازيل 26 رياستن ۽ 1 وفاقي صوبي تي مشتمل ملڪ آهي
برما	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
برونائي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
برونڊي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
برڪينا فاسو	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
بلغاريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو
بنگلاديش	گڏيل قومن جو حصو	ناهي
بوسنيا ۽ هرزيگووينا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	بوسنيا ۽ هرزيگووينا ٽن علائقن جو وفاق آهي. بوسنيا ۽ هرزيگووينا جو وفاق ريپبلڪ آف سرپسڪا براڪو ضلعو، جيڪو هڪ آزاد اتنظامي علائقو آهي.
بوليويا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
بوٽسوانا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
بهاماس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	دولت مشترڪه جو رڪن
بيلجيئم	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	يورپي اتحاد جو حصو آهي. بيلجيم هڪ وفاق آهي، جيڪو مختلف ٻولين ڳالهائڻ وارن علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي.
بيليز	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	دولت مشترڪه جو رڪن
بينن	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڀارت	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	ڀارت يا هندوستان 29 رياستن ۽ 7 اتحادي علائقن تي مشتعمل وفاق آهي. انڊيا سڄي ڪشمير تي دعوا رکي ٿو، پر انڊيا جي دعوا واري ڪشمير جا علائقا پاڪستان ۽ چين وٽ آهن.
ڀوٽان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
تاجڪستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	تاجڪستان ۾ هڪ خودمختيار علائقو گورنو بدخشان شامل آهي.
ترڪمانستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ترڪي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
تنزانيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	تنزانيا ۾ هڪ خودمختيار علائقو زنجبار شامل آهي.
تيونس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
تائيوان	گڏيل قومن جو اڳوڻو رُڪن (ريپبلڪ آف چائينا طور 1945 کان 1971ع تائين) چيني تائپي جي نالي سان گڏيل قومن جي هڪ خاص ايجنسي جو مبصر	چين پاران دعوا ڪيل	(رهيل)
ٿائي لينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
ٽونگا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
ٽوگو	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
ٽرانس نسٽريا
ٽرنيڊاڊ اينڊ ٽبيگو
ٽوالو
پالائو
پاناما	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
پاپوا نيو گني
پاڪستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي	پاڪستان چئن صوبن، هڪ وفاقي گادي جو هنڌ ۽ قبائلي علائقن تي مشتمل هڪ وفاق آهي. ڪشمير جي علائقي تي پاڪستان جو انڊيا ۽ چين سان تڪرار آهي، ڪشمير جا ڪجهه حصا پاڪستان جي اثر هيٺ آهن، پر اهي سرڪاري طور پاڪستان ۾ شامل نه آهن ۽ انهن کي تڪراري علائقا چيو وڃي ٿو. ڪشمير جا جيڪي علائقا پاڪستان جي قبضي هيٺ آهن اهي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهايل آهن. آزاد ڪشمير گلگت بلتستان آزاد ڪشمير پاڻ کي پاڪستان جي ڪنٽرول واري خودمختيار حڪومت ڪوٺي ٿي. هي علائقا آزاد نه آهن، ڇو ته اهي علائقا پاڻ مرادو ڪنهن ملڪ سان لهه وچڙ نٿا ڪن ۽ هنن جي دفاعي فوج پڻ پاڪستان فوج آهي.
پورچوگال	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
پولينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
پيراگوئي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
پيرو	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
جارجيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
جاپان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
جبوتي		ناهي
جرمني	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
جميڪا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
چاڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
چلي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
چين	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
چيڪ ريپبلڪ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
چيچن ريپبلڪ
ڏکڻ آفريڪا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڏکڻ ڪوريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڏکڻ سوڊان		ناهي
ڊومينيڪا		ناهي
ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڊينمارڪ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
روانڊا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
رُوس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
رومانيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
زمبابوي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
زيمبيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سولومن آئلينڊز
سلطنت عمان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سائوٽام ۽ پرنسپ		ناهي
سان مرينو		ناهي
سربيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سريلنڪا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سعودي عرب	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سلوواڪيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سلووينیا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ساموآ
سنگاپور	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سوئٽزرلينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سوازي لينڊ
سورينام	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سوڊان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سويڊن	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سيرا ليون	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سیشلز		ناهي
سينٽرل آفريڪن ريپبلڪ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
سينٽ لوسيا		ناهي
سينٽ ونسنٽ ۽ گريناڊائنز
سينٽ ڪٽس ۽ نيوس
سينيگال	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
شام	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
صوماليا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
عراق	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
فجي		ناهي
فرانس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
فلسطين	گڏيل قومن جو مبصر	متنازعه	اسرائيل جي قبضي ۾
فلپائن‏	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
فن لينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
قازقستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
قبرص	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ترڪي جي مدد سان اتر قبرص جو تنازعو	اتر قبرص جي ترڪ آبادي ترڪي جي فوجي مدد سان پاڻمرادو خودمختياري جو اعلان ڪيو جيڪو تنازعو ھلندڙ آھي
قطر	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪانگو جي ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ		ناهي
ڪانگو جي ريپبلڪ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪرغزستان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪوموروس		ناهي
ڪروشيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪريبتي		ناهي
ڪمبوڊيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪوسٽاريڪا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪولمبيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪويت	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
ڪيمرون	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪينيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪيناڊا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪيوبا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ڪيپ ورڊي		ناهي
گريناڊا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
گني		ناهي
گني بساؤ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
گوئٽي مالا		ناهي
گيانا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
گيبون	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
گيمبيا		ناهي
گهانا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
لائبيریا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
لائوس	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
لبنان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
لٿوينيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ليٽويا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
لڪسمبرگ		ناهي
ليبيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ليسوٿو		ناهي
لڪٽنسٽائين
مارشل آئلينڊز
مراڪش	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
مائڪرونيشيا جون فيڊريٽيڊ اسٽيٽس		ناهي
موريطانيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
مالديپ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
مالٽا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
مولدووا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
مالي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
مصر	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
مغربي صحارا
مقدونيا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ملائيشيا		ناهي
ملاوي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
منگوليا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
موريشس		ناهي
موزمبيق	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
موناڪو		ناهي
مڊگاسڪر	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ميڪسيڪو	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
نڪاراگوا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
نائورو		ناهي
نائيجر	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
نائيجيريا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ناروي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
نميبيا		ناهي
نيوزي لینڊ		ناهي
نيپال	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
وانوآتو		ناهي
ويت نام	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
وينزويلا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ويٽيڪن سٽي		ناهي
هالينڊ	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
ھنگري	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
هنڊوراس		ناهي
هيٽي		ناهي
يونائيٽيڊ ڪنگڊم	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يونائٽيڊ اسٽيٽس آف آمريڪا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يونائيٽيڊ عرب امارات	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يمن	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن
يوراگوئي	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يونان	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يوگنڊا	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي
يوڪرين	گڏيل قومن جو رڪن	ناهي

قطار: گڏيل قومن ۾ حيثيت

گڏيل قومن جو رڪن

گڏيل قومن ۾ مبصر

گڏيل قومن جي 1 خاص اداري جو رڪن

گڏيل قومن جي خاص اداري جو مبصر

گڏيل قومن جو رڪن ناهي

قطار: خودمختياري تي تنازعو

غير متنازعه

متنازعه

حوالا

↑ Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), "United Nations Member States", United Nations, حاصل ڪيل 28 February 2011۔
↑ Hersch Lauterpacht (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxv. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978110760 9433|978110760 9433]]. https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgEv1Qq2TwC&pg=PA419.
↑ Hahn, Gordon (2002). Russia's Revolution from Above, 1985–2000: Reform, Transition, and Revolution in the Fall of the Soviet Communist Regime. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 527. ISBN 978-0765800497. {{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Ryan|title=Age of Secession: The International and Domestic Determinants of State Birth|date=2016|pages=85, 213–242|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-
↑ Trevelyan, Mark (2025-07-03). "Russia becomes first country to recognise Taliban government of Afghanistan" (en ۾). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russia-becomes-first-country-recognise-taliban-government-afghanistan-2025-07-03/.
↑ "Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan". BBC News. 7 September 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58479750.
1 2 "U.N. Seats Denied, for Now, to Afghanistan's Taliban and Myanmar's Junta". The New York Times. 1 December 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/americas/united-nations-taliban-myanmar.html.
↑ "Andorra country profile". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders.
↑ Government of Antigua and Barbuda, "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act", Laws of Antigua and Barbuda, اصل کان 6 July 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 10 November 2010۔
↑ "Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica", Patagonia-Argentina, اصل کان 29 March 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 September 2020۔
↑ "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan", Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee, 2008, اصل کان 19 February 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل۔
↑ "Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country"", Today.az, 13 September 2006, اصل کان 13 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 June 2023۔
↑ "Pakistan the only country not recognising Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325. "We are the only country not recognising Armenia as a state."
↑ "Country profiles", The European Union, اصل کان 26 April 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 June 2023۔
↑ "Bahamas, The | The Commonwealth", thecommonwealth.org (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي), 15 August 2013, اصل کان 9 March 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 March 2018۔
↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania (23 September 2020), "Lithuanian Foreign Ministry's statement on the situation in Belarus", اصل کان 3 July 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2022۔
↑ Stjepanović, Dejan (2015). "Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 21 (4): 382–383. doi:10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043. ISSN 1353-7113. OCLC 5927465455.
↑ Tanya Basu (14 December 2013), "Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change", National Geographic, اصل کان 20 October 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 October 2018۔
↑ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
↑ Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/. "Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognise the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognise the Republic of Cyprus and its government."
↑ "Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands : No. 137 of March 23, 1948", Statsministeriat, Copenhagen, اصل کان 10 September 2015 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 May 2015۔
↑ "The Greenland Home Rule Act : Act No. 577 of 29 November 1978", Statsministeriat, Copenhagen, اصل کان 14 February 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 May 2014۔
↑ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
↑ Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978), "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act", Laws of Fiji, University of the South Pacific, اصل کان 1 March 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 10 November 2010۔
↑ "The Gambia profile", BBC News, 14 February 2018, اصل کان 11 March 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 March 2018۔
↑ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
↑ "Iceland - Culture, History, & People", اصل کان 18 July 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 2 February 2016۔
↑ "Working Paper No. 54 : UNGEGN list of country names (Prepared by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names)", unstats.un.org, Vienna, May 2011, اصل کان 11 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 2 February 2016۔
↑ "Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?", اصل کان 22 July 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 2 February 2016۔
↑ "Iraqi constitution", اصل کان 18 May 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل۔
↑ Daly, Mary E. (January 2007). "The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". Journal of British Studies (Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies) 46 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399. ISSN 0021-9371.
↑ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel", www.knesset.gov.il, اصل کان 5 September 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 7 July 2014۔
↑ "Disputes: International", CIA World Factbook, اصل کان 14 May 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 November 2011۔
↑ Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008), "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense", Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, اصل کان 21 June 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔
↑ Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005), "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status", University of Virginia School of Law, اصل کان 3 March 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔
↑ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation", Human Rights Watch, 29 October 2004, اصل کان 1 November 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔
↑ Sanger, Andrew (2011). "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". in M.N. Schmitt. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14. ISBN 978-90-6704-811-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429. "It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied."
* Scobbie, Iain (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst. ed. International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-19-965775-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295. "Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza."
* Gawerc, Michelle (2012). Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships. Lexington Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780739166109. https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44. "In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied."
↑ Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009), "Beziehungen zu Deutschland", Government of Germany, اصل کان 23 July 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔ For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
↑ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations, "Foreign Affairs", United Nations, اصل کان 4 October 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔
1 2 3 "Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994)", untreaty.un.org, اصل کان 3 April 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 15 July 2011۔
↑ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea", ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp, 22 جون 1965, اصل کان 13 March 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 October 2008۔
↑ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
↑ Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...". Outlook India (The Outlook Group). http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374.
↑ Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC.
↑ Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21st Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC.
↑ "Azad Kashmir Day", اصل کان 12 August 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 جولاءِ 2014۔
1 2 "To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The", اصل کان 5 September 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2014۔
↑ "AJ&K History", اصل کان 6 January 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 January 2018۔
↑ Lansford, Tom (2014-04-08). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483333281. https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&pg=PA1100. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
↑ "The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974" (PDF), اصل کان 13 October 2013 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2014۔
↑ Palestine Liberation Organization, "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission", Negotiations Affairs Department, اصل کان 18 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2011۔
↑
See the following on statehood criteria:
- Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute", صص: 28, 33, اصل کان 31 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
- McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review (Seattle University) 18 (93): 97. http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
- McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief (Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law) 25. https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
1 2 "Non-member States and Entities", United Nations, 29 February 2008, اصل کان 9 May 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 30 August 2010۔
↑ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, "Arab States: Palestine", United Nations, اصل کان 4 January 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 December 2011۔
↑ "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", 18 March 2021, صص: 40–41, اصل کان 13 May 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 April 2021۔
↑ Keun Min, "Greetings", Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, اصل کان 2 May 2013 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 10 November 2010۔
1 2 "Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei", UNmissions.org, 18 October 2017, اصل کان 13 February 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 February 2018۔
1 2 "Abyei Administration Area Changes Name", Gurtong.net, 29 July 2015, اصل کان 13 February 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 February 2018۔
↑ "Bilateral relations of the Holy See", Holy See website, اصل کان 9 July 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 June 2012۔
1 2 (ٻولي ۾ روسي), newsru.com, 17 November 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html, اصل کان 16 April 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 June 2011۔ خالي يا غائب |title= (مدد)
↑ "United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo", UN, اصل کان 25 December 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 January 2015۔
↑ ""Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"", اصل کان 30 January 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 July 2020۔
↑ "Cyprus", The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency), 7 June 2023, اصل کان 9 January 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 June 2023۔
↑ Question of Western Sahara A/RES/34/37 (1979)
↑ Question of Western Sahara A/RES/35/19 (1980)
1 2 Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780199698394. https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC. Retrieved 24 September 2013. "In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognised by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland."
↑ Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession". Minnesota Journal of International Law (University of Minnesota Law School) 19 (2): 380–381. http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf. Retrieved 24 September 2013. "Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.".
↑ Arieff, Alexis. "de facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland". Yale Journal of International Affairs (International Affairs Council at Yale) (Spring/Summer 2008): 1–79. http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
↑ "Somaliland profile", BBC News, 14 December 2017, اصل کان 23 April 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 January 2018۔
↑ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security (Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie): 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3. https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
↑ "Russia condemned for recognising rebel regions". CNN.com (Cable News Network). 26 August 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html.
↑ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 8 October 2008. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320.
↑ 2.16.886.101.20003, 22 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180702041112/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8 |archive-url= عنوان غائب (مدد), اصل کان 2 July 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 April 2022۔
↑ van der Wees, Gerrit, "Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting?", thediplomat.com, The Diplomat, اصل کان 9 July 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 December 2021۔
↑ "Transnistria profile – Overview". BBC News. 20 November 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268.

ھي مضمون ڪچو مضمون آھي. توھان وڪيپيڊيا جي مدد ڪري سگھو ٿا ان کي سنواري.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Commonwealth realm refers to any member state of the Commonwealth of Nations whose head of state is King Charles III. Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; see Commonwealth realm interrelationship.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see List of autonomous areas by country.
↑ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
↑ Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.^[9]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.^[13]
↑ "Azerbaijan Republic" is sometimes used in an official capacity.
↑ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Use of Dominion, Dominion#Canada.
↑ The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.^[17]
↑ Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.
1 2 The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by other alternative names.
1 2 In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organization withdrew as a consequence of this, but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
↑ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.
1 2 3 More information on more or less federal structures can be found at Federal governments.^[18]
↑ Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
↑ Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
↑ An official short name in English has been adopted by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organizations including the United Nations. See Name of the Czech Republic.
↑ The designation "Denmark" can refer either to Metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (e.g. in international organisations).
↑ Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
↑ Åland was demilitarized by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
↑ France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
↑ Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
↑ While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"^[26]^[27] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".^[28] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and is translated to "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, in this usage, "republic" is not capitalized.
↑ "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.^[30] See names of the Irish state.
↑ The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
↑ The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.
↑ The designation "the Netherlands" can refer either to the Metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organisations).
↑ Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa Agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".
↑ Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the plazas de soberanía.
↑ Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
↑ Formerly also known as East Timor.
↑ Formerly the "Republic of Turkey". In 2023, the United Nations recognized "Türkiye" as the official English name of the country after a request made by the Turkish government.
↑ There is no official flag for Akrotiri and Dhekelia; it is represented by the flag of the United Kingdom, the Union Jack. See Flag of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
↑ There is no official flag for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; it is represented by the flag of the United Kingdom, the Union Jack. However, the 3 islands that comprise it do have flags. See Flag of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named membership
↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sd
↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fi
↑ Though de facto recognized by the Republic of China (Taiwan).

حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو

[unms-1] Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), "United Nations Member States", United Nations, حاصل ڪيل 28 February 2011۔

[2] Hersch Lauterpacht (2012). Recognition in International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxv. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978110760 9433|978110760 9433]]. https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgEv1Qq2TwC&pg=PA419.

[3] Hahn, Gordon (2002). Russia's Revolution from Above, 1985–2000: Reform, Transition, and Revolution in the Fall of the Soviet Communist Regime. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 527. ISBN 978-0765800497. {{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Ryan|title=Age of Secession: The International and Domestic Determinants of State Birth|date=2016|pages=85, 213–242|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-

[4] Trevelyan, Mark (2025-07-03). "Russia becomes first country to recognise Taliban government of Afghanistan" (en ۾). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russia-becomes-first-country-recognise-taliban-government-afghanistan-2025-07-03/.

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[16] "Pakistan the only country not recognising Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325. "We are the only country not recognising Armenia as a state."

[17] "Country profiles", The European Union, اصل کان 26 April 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 June 2023۔

[20] "Bahamas, The | The Commonwealth", thecommonwealth.org (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي), 15 August 2013, اصل کان 9 March 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 March 2018۔

[21] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania (23 September 2020), "Lithuanian Foreign Ministry's statement on the situation in Belarus", اصل کان 3 July 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2022۔

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[24] Tanya Basu (14 December 2013), "Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change", National Geographic, اصل کان 20 October 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 October 2018۔

[30] Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.

[34] Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/. "Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognise the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognise the Republic of Cyprus and its government."

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[44] "The Gambia profile", BBC News, 14 February 2018, اصل کان 11 March 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 March 2018۔

[45] Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.

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[52] Daly, Mary E. (January 2007). "The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". Journal of British Studies (Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies) 46 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399. ISSN 0021-9371.

[54] "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel", www.knesset.gov.il, اصل کان 5 September 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 7 July 2014۔

[dis-55] "Disputes: International", CIA World Factbook, اصل کان 14 May 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 November 2011۔

[56] Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008), "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense", Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, اصل کان 21 June 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔

[57] Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005), "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status", University of Virginia School of Law, اصل کان 3 March 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔

[58] "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation", Human Rights Watch, 29 October 2004, اصل کان 1 November 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔

[occ-59] Sanger, Andrew (2011). "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". in M.N. Schmitt. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14. ISBN 978-90-6704-811-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429. "It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied."
* Scobbie, Iain (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst. ed. International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-19-965775-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295. "Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza."
* Gawerc, Michelle (2012). Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships. Lexington Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780739166109. https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44. "In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied."

[63] Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009), "Beziehungen zu Deutschland", Government of Germany, اصل کان 23 July 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔ For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.

[64] Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations, "Foreign Affairs", United Nations, اصل کان 4 October 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2010۔

[untreaty1-65] 1 2 3 "Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994)", untreaty.un.org, اصل کان 3 April 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 15 July 2011۔

[66] "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea", ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp, 22 جون 1965, اصل کان 13 March 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 October 2008۔

[68] Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.

[69] Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...". Outlook India (The Outlook Group). http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374.

[70] Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC.

[71] Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21st Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC.

[72] "Azad Kashmir Day", اصل کان 12 August 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 جولاءِ 2014۔

[gbtribune.files.wordpress.com-73] 1 2 "To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The", اصل کان 5 September 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2014۔

[AJ&KHistory-74] "AJ&K History", اصل کان 6 January 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 January 2018۔

[75] Lansford, Tom (2014-04-08). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483333281. https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&pg=PA1100. Retrieved 5 October 2014.

[76] "The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974" (PDF), اصل کان 13 October 2013 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2014۔

[77] Palestine Liberation Organization, "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission", Negotiations Affairs Department, اصل کان 18 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 28 July 2011۔

[78] See the following on statehood criteria:
Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute", صص: 28, 33, اصل کان 31 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".

McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review (Seattle University) 18 (93): 97. http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".

McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief (Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law) 25. https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."

[mwGe4] Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute", صص: 28, 33, اصل کان 31 August 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".

[mwGfc] McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review (Seattle University) 18 (93): 97. http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".

[mwGgk] McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief (Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law) 25. https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."

[unnms-79] 1 2 "Non-member States and Entities", United Nations, 29 February 2008, اصل کان 9 May 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 30 August 2010۔

[80] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, "Arab States: Palestine", United Nations, اصل کان 4 January 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 December 2011۔

[81] "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", 18 March 2021, صص: 40–41, اصل کان 13 May 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 April 2021۔

[82] Keun Min, "Greetings", Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, اصل کان 2 May 2013 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 10 November 2010۔

[UNISFA2017-83] 1 2 "Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei", UNmissions.org, 18 October 2017, اصل کان 13 February 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 February 2018۔

[AbyeiName-84] 1 2 "Abyei Administration Area Changes Name", Gurtong.net, 29 July 2015, اصل کان 13 February 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 12 February 2018۔

[91] "Bilateral relations of the Holy See", Holy See website, اصل کان 9 July 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 June 2012۔

[ASOTREC-95] 1 2 (ٻولي ۾ روسي), newsru.com, 17 November 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html, اصل کان 16 April 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 June 2011۔ خالي يا غائب |title= (مدد)

[96] "United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo", UN, اصل کان 25 December 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 January 2015۔

[97] ""Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"", اصل کان 30 January 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 July 2020۔

[98] "Cyprus", The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency), 7 June 2023, اصل کان 9 January 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 11 June 2023۔

[99] Question of Western Sahara A/RES/34/37 (1979)

[100] Question of Western Sahara A/RES/35/19 (1980)

[montevideo-101] 1 2 Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780199698394. https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC. Retrieved 24 September 2013. "In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognised by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland."

[FailureofStates-102] Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession". Minnesota Journal of International Law (University of Minnesota Law School) 19 (2): 380–381. http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf. Retrieved 24 September 2013. "Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.".

[StrangeCase-103] Arieff, Alexis. "de facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland". Yale Journal of International Affairs (International Affairs Council at Yale) (Spring/Summer 2008): 1–79. http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

[Somalilandprofile-105] "Somaliland profile", BBC News, 14 December 2017, اصل کان 23 April 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 January 2018۔

[106] Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security (Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie): 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3. https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm. Retrieved 14 December 2017.

[cnnAbSO-107] "Russia condemned for recognising rebel regions". CNN.com (Cable News Network). 26 August 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html.

[108] "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 8 October 2008. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320.

[109] 2.16.886.101.20003, 22 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180702041112/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8 |archive-url= عنوان غائب (مدد), اصل کان 2 July 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 April 2022۔

[110] van der Wees, Gerrit, "Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting?", thediplomat.com, The Diplomat, اصل کان 9 July 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 16 December 2021۔

[111] "Transnistria profile – Overview". BBC News. 20 November 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268.

[realm-8] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Commonwealth realm refers to any member state of the Commonwealth of Nations whose head of state is King Charles III. Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; see Commonwealth realm interrelationship.

[autonomous-10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see List of autonomous areas by country.

[11] The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.

[ArgentineAntarctica-13] Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.^[9]

[EU-18] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.^[13]

[19] "Azerbaijan Republic" is sometimes used in an official capacity.

[23] The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Use of Dominion, Dominion#Canada.

[25] The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.^[17]

[ChileanAntarctic-26] Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.

[ChinaTaiwan-27] 1 2 The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by other alternative names.

[TAI2-28] 1 2 In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organization withdrew as a consequence of this, but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.

[29] See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.

[federal-31] 1 2 3 More information on more or less federal structures can be found at Federal governments.^[18]

[32] Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.

[33] Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.

[35] An official short name in English has been adopted by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organizations including the United Nations. See Name of the Czech Republic.

[36] The designation "Denmark" can refer either to Metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (e.g. in international organisations).

[39] Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.

[42] Åland was demilitarized by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.

[Adélie-43] France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

[46] Also known as Guinea-Conakry.

[Republic-50] While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"^[26]^[27] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".^[28] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and is translated to "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, in this usage, "republic" is not capitalized.

[53] "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.^[30] See names of the Irish state.

[60] The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.

[61] The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.

[62] The designation "the Netherlands" can refer either to the Metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organisations).

[67] Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa Agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".

[Plazas-85] Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the plazas de soberanía.

[86] Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.

[87] Formerly also known as East Timor.

[88] Formerly the "Republic of Turkey". In 2023, the United Nations recognized "Türkiye" as the official English name of the country after a request made by the Turkish government.

[89] There is no official flag for Akrotiri and Dhekelia; it is represented by the flag of the United Kingdom, the Union Jack. See Flag of Akrotiri and Dhekelia

[90] There is no official flag for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; it is represented by the flag of the United Kingdom, the Union Jack. However, the 3 islands that comprise it do have flags. See Flag of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

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[104] Though de facto recognized by the Republic of China (Taiwan).

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