مواد ڏانھن هلو

نميبيا

ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو
کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
ريپبلڪ آف نميبيا

Flag of نميبيا
{{{coat_alt}}}
جھنڊو نِسبتي نشان
شُعار: '"اتحاد، آزادي، انصاف"
ترانو: "نميبيا، بهادرن جي سرزمين"
آفريڪن يونين (ھلڪو نيرو) ۾ نميبيا جو مقام (تيز نيرو)
آفريڪن يونين (ھلڪو نيرو) ۾ نميبيا جو مقام (تيز نيرو)
گادي جو هنڌ ونڊھوئڪ
22°34′S 17°5′E / 22.567°S 17.083°E / -22.567; 17.083
دفتري ٻوليون انگريزي
تسلیم ٿيل قومي ٻولي
تسلیم ٿيل مقامي  ٻوليون
نسلي گروھ (2014)
  • 49.5% اووامبو ماڻهو
  • 9.2% ڪوانگو ماڻھو
  • 8.0%نميبيا جا گھڻ نسلي گڊرا ماڻھو
    – (باسٽر ماڻھن سميت)
  • 7.0% ھيريرو ماڻھو
  • 7.0% ڊامارا ماڻھو
  • 7.0% نميبيائي گورا
  • 4.7% ناما ماڻھو
  • 3.5% لوزي ماڻھو (ڪيپريويئن)
  • 3.0% سان ماڻھو
  • 0.6% ٽسوانا ماڻھو
  • 0.5% باقي ٻيا
مقامي آبادي نميبيائي - نميبيئن
حڪومت وحداني غالب پارٽي وارو نيم صدارتي ريپبلڪ
• صدر
 Hage Geingob
• نائب صدر
 نانگولو مبومبا
• وزيراعظم
 سارا ڪوئگونگيلوا- اماڍيلا
• نائب وزيراعظم
 نيٽمبو ننڊي نڊائٽواھ
• چيف جسٽس
 پيٽر شيووٽ
مقننه پارليامينٽ
قومي ڪائونسل
قومي اسيمبلي
ڏکڻ آفريڪا کان آزادي
• آئين
 9 فيبروري 1990
• آزادي
 21 مارچ 1990
پکيڙ
• جملي
 825٬615 km2 (318٬772 sq mi) (34th)
• پاڻي (%)
 negligible
آبادي
• 2017 اندازو
 2,606,971[9]
• 2011 مردم شماري
 2,113,077
•  گھاٽائي
 3.2 /km2 (8.3 /sq mi) (235th)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد ) 2018 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $27.505 billion[10]
• في سيڪڙو
 $11,516[10]
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ ) 2018 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $14.148 billion[10]

نميبيا (انگريزي: Namibia) (Listeni/nəˈmɪbiə/، /næˈ-/)، [13][14] جنھن جو سرڪاري نالو ريپبلڪ آف نميبيا آهي آفريڪا کنڊ جي ڏکڻ ۾ واقع ھڪ ملڪ آھي جنھن جون سرحدون اولھ ۾ ايٽلانٽڪ سمنڊ سان، اتر ۾ زيمبيا ۽ انگولا سان، اوڀر ۾ بوٽسوانا سان ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ سائوٿ آفريڪا سان ملن ٿيون. زمبابوي سان ھن ملڪ جي سرحد صرف 200 ميٽر لڳي ٿي جتي ٻنهي کي زئمبزي ندي ٻنھي کي ھڪٻئي کان ڌار ڪري ٿي. ھي ملڪ 21 مارچ 1990 ۾ آزادي جي جنگ جي نتيجي ۾ سائوٿ آفريڪا کان آزاد ٿيو ھو. ملڪ جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شھر ونڊھوئڪ آهي. ھي ملڪ گڏيل قومن جي اداري جو رڪن ھجڻ سان گڏ سائوٿ آفريڪن ڊولپمينٽ ڪميٽي(SADC)، آفريڪن يونين ۽ قومن جي دولت مشترڪه ۾ پڻ شامل آهي. صحارا رڻپٽ کان ھيٺ ھي ملڪ آفريڪا جو سڀ کان وڌيڪَ خشڪ ترين ملڪ آھي.[15] جتي شروع شروع ۾ سان، ڊامارا ۽ ناما آباد ٿيا جن بعد چوڏھين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ ھتي بانٽو لڏي آيا جن ۾ اووامبو ماڻهو اوڻويھين صدي جي آخر ۾ اڪثريت ۾ ٿي ويا.

ڏسو the newspaper لاءِ، The Namibian.

سانچو:Use South African English زمرو:dmy تاريخون استعمال Dmy تاريخون استعمال

Republic of Namibia

Flag of Namibia
{{{coat_alt}}}
جھنڊو نِسبتي نشان
شُعار: '"Unity, Liberty, Justice"
گادي جو هنڌ Windhoek
22°34′S 17°5′E / 22.567°S 17.083°E / -22.567; 17.083
سڀ کان وڏو شهر capital
دفتري ٻوليون English
تسلیم ٿيل قومي ٻولي
تسلیم ٿيل مقامي  ٻوليون
نسلي گروھ (2023)
مذهب (2023)
  • 10.2% traditional faiths
  • 1.6% no religion
  • 0.3% other
مقامي آبادي Namibian
حڪومت Unitary semi-presidential republic[24]
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
Lucia Witbooi
Elijah Ngurare
Natangwe Ithete
Peter Shivute
مقننه Parliament
National Council
National Assembly
Independence from South Africa
9 February 1990
21 March 1990
پکيڙ
• جملي
 825٬615 km2 (318٬772 sq mi) (34th)
• پاڻي (%)
 negligible
آبادي
• 2025 مردم شماري
 سانچو:Increase neutral 3,022,401 [25][26] (138th)
•  گھاٽائي
 3.7 /km2 (9.6 /sq mi)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد ) 2025 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $37.73 billion[27] (145th)
• في سيڪڙو
 $12,370[28] (117th)
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ ) 2025 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $14.21 billion[29] (145th)

Namibia,[upper-alpha 4] officially the Republic of Namibia,[upper-alpha 5] is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa.[38] Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the northeast, approximating a quadripoint,[39] Zimbabwe lies less than 200 metres (660 feet) away along the Zambezi River near Kazungula, Zambia. Namibia's capital and largest city is Windhoek.

Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa,[40] and has been inhabited since prehistoric times by the Khoi, San, Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion. From 1600 the Ovambo formed kingdoms, such as Ondonga and Oukwanyama.[41]

In 1884, the German Empire established rule over most of the territory, forming a colony known as German South West Africa. Between 1904 and 1908, German troops waged a punitive campaign against the Herero and Nama which escalated into the first genocide of the 20th century. German rule ended during the First World War with a 1915 defeat by South African forces. In 2021, German and Namibian diplomats created a "reconciliation agreement" acknowledging atrocities from the German colonial period.[42] In 1920, after the end of the war, the League of Nations mandated administration of the colony to South Africa. From 1948, with the National Party elected to power, this included South Africa applying apartheid to what was then known as South West Africa.

In the later 20th century, uprisings and demands for political representation resulted in the United Nations assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966, but South Africa maintained de facto rule until 1973. That year the UN recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people.

Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the South African Border War. However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994.

Namibia is a stable parliamentary democracy. Agriculture, tourism and the mining industry – including mining for gem diamonds, uranium, gold, silver and base metals – form the basis of its economy, while the manufacturing sector is comparatively small. Despite significant GDP growth since its independence,[43] poverty and inequality remain significant in the country. 40.9% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty,[44] and more than 400,000 people continue to live in informal housing.[45] Income disparity in the country is one of the world's highest with a Gini coefficient of 59.1 in 2015.[46]

With a population of 3.1 million people, Namibia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Since the end of the Cold War, it has attracted notable immigration from Germany, Angola, and Zimbabwe.[47]

Namibia is a member state of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community, the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations.

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  2. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, German", Government of Namibia., حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ [مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  3. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  4. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero", Government of Namibia, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ [مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  5. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 1 March 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  6. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  7. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Setswana", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  8. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  9. ↑ "CountryMeters – Namibia population", CountryMeters, حاصل ڪيل 7 February 2018۔ 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", IMF.org, International Monetary Fund, حاصل ڪيل 20 January 2019۔ 
  11. ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)", data.worldbank.org, World Bank, حاصل ڪيل 20 January 2019۔ 
  12. ↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي), United Nations Development Programme, 10 December 2019, حاصل ڪيل 10 December 2019۔ 
  13. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ڇاپو), Longman, آئي ايس بي اين 978-1405881180۔ 
  14. ↑ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ڇاپو), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, آئي ايس بي اين 978-0521152532۔ 
  15. ↑ Peter Shadbolt (24 October 2012), "Namibia country profile: moving on from a difficult past", CNN۔ 
  16. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, German", Government of Namibia, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔  [مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  17. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  18. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  19. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 1 March 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  20. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero", Government of Namibia, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔  [مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  21. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  22. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Setswana", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  23. ↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi", Government of Namibia, اصل کان 25 February 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 February 2016۔ 
  24. ↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dual
  25. ↑ "Namibia Population (2025) - Worldometer"۔ 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report", Namibia Statistics Agency, ص: 21, حاصل ڪيل 30 آڪٽوبر 2024۔ 
  27. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي)۔ 
  28. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي)۔ 
  29. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي)۔ 
  30. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي)۔ 
  31. ↑ سانچو:Citation-attribution Only people between 15 and 49 years of age were surveyed.:29–30
  32. ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)", World Bank, اصل کان 28 March 2019 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 January 2019۔ 
  33. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي), United Nations Development Programme, 6 May 2025, اصل کان 6 May 2025 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 May 2025۔ 
  34. ↑ "List of left- & right-driving countries", WorldStandards۔ 
  35. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ڇاپو), Longman, آئي ايس بي اين 978-1405881180۔ 
  36. ↑ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ڇاپو), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, آئي ايس بي اين 978-0521152532۔ 
  37. ↑ "Namibian Constitution", 21 March 1990, حاصل ڪيل 10 May 2025۔ 
  38. ↑ "Namibia", sahistory.org.za, 4 March 2025۔ 
  39. ↑ "Namibias Geography", info-namibia.com, 4 March 2025۔ 
  40. ↑ Peter Shadbolt (24 October 2012), "Namibia country profile: moving on from a difficult past", CNN, اصل کان 20 February 2020 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 June 2018۔ 
  41. ↑ Williams, Frieda-Nela (1991). Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A history of Owambo Kingdoms 1600-1920. National Archives of Namibia. https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf. Retrieved 2024-03-07. 
  42. ↑ Rogers, Thomas (2023-03-09). "The Long Shadow of German Colonialism" (en ۾). The New York Review of Books 70 (4). ISSN 0028-7504. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/03/09/the-long-shadow-of-german-colonialism-thomas-rogers/. 
  43. ↑ "World Bank Open Data", World Bank Open Data, اصل کان 3 April 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 April 2024۔ 
  44. ↑ "Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023", United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports, 2023, اصل کان 13 March 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 April 2024۔ 
  45. ↑ "Namibia's ghetto life: Half million live in shacks countrywide – The Namibian", 12 March 2021, اصل کان 12 March 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 April 2024۔ 
  46. ↑ "World Bank Open Data", World Bank Open Data, اصل کان 3 April 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 April 2024۔ 
  47. ↑ "Migration to Namibia 1990-2017", Worldmapper (ٻولي ۾ انگريزي), حاصل ڪيل 20 جنوري 2025۔ 


حوالي جي چڪ: "upper-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="upper-alpha"/> نہ مليو

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