مواد ڏانھن هلو

هيٽي

ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو
کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
هيٽي جي جمهوريه

Republic of Haiti
Flag of ھيٽي • République d'Haïti (فرينچ) • (Repiblik d Ayiti)
{{{coat_alt}}}
جھنڊو نِسبتي نشان
شُعار: '"Liberté, égalité, fraternité"
"آزادي، مساوات، دوستي"
ترانو: La Dessalinienne
گادي جو هنڌپورٽ-او-پرنس
18°32′N 72°20′W / 18.533°N 72.333°W / 18.533; -72.333
سڀ کان وڏو شهرپورٽ-او-پرنس
دفتري ٻوليون
  • فرانسيسي (هائيٽي جي)
  • ڪريول (هائيٽي جي)
نسلي گروھ95% آفريڪن (بليڪ)
  • 5% ميولاتو گورا[3]
مذهب (2020)
  • 87.0% عيسائيت
  • 10.7% ملحد
  • 2.1% مقامي مذهب
  • 0.2% ٻيا
مقامي آباديهٽيئن
حڪومتهڪ عبوري حڪومت جي تحت وحداني نيم صدارتي جمهوريه
• عبوري صدارتي ڪائونسل
  • ايڊگارڊ ليبلانڪ فلز (چيئرمين)
  • فرٽز جين
  • لارينٽ سينٽ سائر
  • ايمانوئل ورٽيليئر
  • سمٿ آگسٽين
  • ليسلي وولٽيئر
  • لوئس جيرالڊ گلس
• وزير اعظم
گيري ڪونيل (قائم مقام)
مقننه قومي اسيمبلي
سينيٽ
چيمبر آف ڊپٽيز
فرانس کان آزادي
• آزادي جو اعلان ڪيو ويو
پهرين جنوري، 1804ع
• آزادي تسليم ڪئي وئي
17 اپريل، 1825ع
• پهرين سلطنت
22 سيپٽمبر، 1804ع
• ڏاکڻي جمهوريه (SR)
9 مارچ، 1806ع
• اترين رياست (NS)
17 آڪٽوبر، 1806ع
• ھيٽي جي بادشاهت
28 مارچ، 1811ع
• هسپانيولا جي يونيفڪيشن
9 فيبروري، 1822ع
• تحليل
27 فيبروري، 1844ع
• ٻئي ايمپائر
26 آگسٽ، 1849ع
• جمهوريه
15 جنوري، 1859ع
• هيٽي تي آمريڪا جو قبضو
28 جولائي، 1915ع - 1 آگسٽ، 1934ع
• آمريڪا کان آزادي
15 August 1934
• موجوده دستور
29 مارچ، 1987ع
پکيڙ
• جملي
27,750[4] چورس ڪلوميٽر (10,710 چورس ميل) (143rd)
• پاڻي (%)
0.7
آبادي
• 2023ع اندازو
11,470,261[5] (83rd)
•  گھاٽائي
382/km2 (989.4/sq mi) (32nd)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد )2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
Increase $38.952 billion[6] (144th)
• في سيڪڙو
Increase $3,185[6] (174th)
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ )2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
Increase $25.986 billion[6] (139th)
• في سيڪڙو
2,125 آمريڪي ڊالر (واڌارو)[6] (172nd)
جِينِي (2012)41.1[7]
وچولو
ايڇ ڊي آء (2022)Decrease 0.552[8]
وچولو · 158th
ڪرنسيگوردي (G) (HTG)
معياري وقتEST (متناسق عالمي وقت−5)
EDT (متناسق عالمي وقت −4)
ڊرائيونگ جو پاسوright
ڊائلنگ ڪوڊ+509
انٽرنيٽ ڊومين.ht

هيٽي (Haiti)، سرڪاري طور تي هيٽي جي جمهوريه، ڪريبين سمنڊ ۾ هسپانوليا ٻيٽ جي هڪ حصي (3/8) تي مشتمل هڪ ملڪ آهي. اها ٻيٽ ڪيريبين سمنڊ ۾ ڪيوبا ۽ جميڪا جي اوڀر ۽ بهاماس جي ڏکڻ ۾، ھيٽي ٻيٽ جي اولهه واري ٽن اٺين (3/8) حصي تي مشتمل آهي، جڏهن ته باقي 5/8 حصي تي ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ آهي. هيٽي ڪيريبين ۾ ٽيون وڏو ملڪ ۽ اندازي مطابق هڪ ڪروڙ چوڏهون لک جي آبادي سان، سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو ڪيريبين ملڪ آهي. گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر پورٽ-او-پرنس آهي. فرانسيسي ۽ ڪريول هيٽي جون سرڪاري ٻوليون آهن.

آهي.

Haiti,[lower-alpha 1] officially the Republic of Haiti,[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic.[15][16] Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, is the most populous Caribbean country.[17] The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince.

The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people.[18] The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus,[19] establishing the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti.[20][21][22][23] The island formed part of the Spanish Empire until 1697, when the western portion was ceded to France and subsequently renamed Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.[حوالو گهربل]

In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. Haiti became the first independent nation in the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery, and the only country in history established by a slave revolt.[24][25][26]

The first century of independence was characterized by political instability, international isolation, crippling debt payments to France, and a costly war with neighboring Dominican Republic. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted a U.S. occupation from 1915 to 1934.[27] A series of unstable presidencies gave way to nearly three decades of dictatorship under the Duvalier family (1957–1986), which brought state-sanctioned violence, corruption, and economic stagnation. Following a coup d'état in 2004, the United Nations intervened to stabilize the country. In 2010, Haiti suffered a catastrophic earthquake, followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation,[28] the country has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity.[29] As of May 2024, Haiti has no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state.[30][31]

Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS),[32] Association of Caribbean States,[33] and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund,[34] World Trade Organization,[35] and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas.[36]

ھيٽي جو جھنڊو

 

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. "Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti" (PDF). محفوظ ڪيل (PDF) مان اصل نسخي کان 1 August 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 24 May 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  2. "Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti" (PDF). محفوظ ڪيل (PDF) مان اصل نسخي کان 1 August 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 24 May 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  3. ↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "CIA_20110303".
  4. ↑ "Country Summary". Central Intelligence Agency. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 17 August 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 1 September 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل – CIA.gov وسيلي.
  5. ↑ سانچو:Cite CIA World Factbook
  6. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Haiti)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 22 October 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 15 October 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  7. ↑ "Gini Index". The World Bank. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 9 February 2015 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 21 November 2015 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  8. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (انگريزي ۾). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. محفوظ ڪيل (PDF) مان اصل نسخي کان 9 October 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 8 September 2022 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  9. ↑ "Konstitisyon Repiblik Ayiti 1987". Ufdc.ufl.edu. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 22 September 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 24 July 2013 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  10. ↑ "Catalogue description Haitian Declaration of Independence". 1 January 1804. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 7 February 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 May 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل – National Archive of the UK وسيلي.
  11. ↑ "National Archives – Haiti" (PDF). محفوظ ڪيل (PDF) مان اصل نسخي کان 1 January 2021 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 1 September 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  12. ↑ La Constitution Impériale du 20 mai 1805[مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  13. ↑ "Remember Haiti | Revolution | Royaume d'Hayti. Déclaration du roi". brown.edu. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 7 February 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 May 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  14. ↑ Corbett, Bob, مرتب (9 November 2003). "17201: Corbett: Hayti and Haiti in the English language". Webster University. اصل نسخو مان 9 March 2017 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 8 March 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  15. ↑ Dardik, Alan, مرتب (2016). Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective. Springer. ص. 341. ISBN 978-3-319-33745-6. 8 May 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  16. ↑ Josh, Jagran, مرتب (2016). "Current Affairs November 2016 eBook". ص. 93. 8 May 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  17. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 10 September 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  18. ↑ Lawler, Andrew (23 December 2020). "Invaders nearly wiped out Caribbean's first people long before Spanish came, DNA reveals". National Geographic. اصل نسخو مان 23 December 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل.
  19. ↑ NgCheong-Lum, Roseline (2005). Haiti (Cultures of the World). New York: Times Editions. ص. 19. ISBN 978-0-7614-1968-6. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 17 February 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 29 September 2014 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  20. ↑ Davies, Arthur (1953). "The Loss of the Santa Maria Christmas Day, 1492". The American Historical Review: 854–865. doi:10.1086/ahr/58.4.854. ISSN 0002-8762.
  21. ↑ Maclean, Frances (January 2008). "The Lost Fort of Columbus". Smithsonian Magazine. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 21 December 2007 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 24 January 2008 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  22. ↑ "Haïti histoire – 7 Bord de Mer de Limonade". Nilstremmel.com. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 22 September 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 15 July 2014 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  23. ↑ "En Bas Saline". Florida Museum of Natural History. 20 September 2017. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 1 October 2016 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2 September 2014 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  24. ↑ Danticat, Edwidge (2005). "Anacaona, Golden Flower". Journal of Haitian Studies (New York: Scholastic Inc.) 11 (2): 163–165. ISBN 978-0-439-49906-4.
  25. ↑ Matthewson, Tim (1996). "Jefferson and the Nonrecognition of Haiti". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 140 (1): 22–48. ISSN 0003-049X.
  26. ↑ "Country profile: Haiti". BBC News. 19 January 2010. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 1 September 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 January 2010 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  27. ↑ p 223 – Benjamin Beede (1994). The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia (May 1, 1994 ڇاپو). Routledge; 1 edition. ص. 784. ISBN 0-8240-5624-8.
    The Haitian and U.S. governments reached a mutually satisfactory agreement in the Executive Accord of August 7, 1933, and on August 15, the last marines departed.
  28. ↑ Shellenberger, Michael (22 September 2022). "Haiti Riots Triggered By IMF Advice To Cut Fuel Subsidies". Forbes. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 22 October 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 18 October 2022 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  29. ↑ Taylor, Luke (18 October 2022). "Haiti on verge of collapse, NGOs warn as UN talks on restoring order continue". The Guardian. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 14 January 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 24 October 2022 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  30. ↑ Taylor, Luke (11 January 2023). "Haiti left with no elected government officials as it spirals towards anarchy". The Guardian. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 8 February 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 10 February 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  31. ↑ Charles, Jacqueline (3 May 2023). "As violence in Haiti worsens, Canada bets on assistance to police". Miami Herald. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 3 May 2023 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 3 May 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  32. ↑ OAS (1 August 2009). "OAS – Member State: Haiti". oas.org. OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 22 September 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 April 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  33. ↑ Press, مرتب (2014). "Association of Caribbean States (1994–2014)" (PDF). ص. 46. محفوظ ڪيل (PDF) مان اصل نسخي کان 11 August 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 25 April 2016 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  34. ↑ "International Monetary Fund: List of Members". imf.org. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 4 March 2016 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 April 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  35. ↑ "WTO ¦ World Trade Organization: Members and Observers". wto.org. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 29 June 2011 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 23 April 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  36. ↑ "United Nations Human Development Insights". محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 12 July 2022 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 21 June 2024 تي حاصل ڪيل.

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ Listeni/ˈheɪti/ HAY-tee; French: Haïti [a.iti] (ٻڌوⓘ); سانچو:Lang-ht سانچو:IPA-ht
  2. ↑ فرينچ: [ République d'Haïti] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help); سانچو:Lang-ht[9]
  3. ↑ The nation was officially founded as Hayti in its Declaration of Independence and early prints,[10][11] constitutions,[12] and imperial declarations.[13] Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name Hayti (e.g. The Blue Book of Hayti (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 Haiti was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used Haiti. As late as 1949, the name Hayti continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to Haiti.[14]
حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو
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