مواد ڏانھن هلو

هيٽي

ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو
کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
هيٽي جي جمهوريه

Republic of Haiti
Flag of ھيٽي • République d'Haïti (فرينچ) • (Repiblik d Ayiti)
{{{coat_alt}}}
جھنڊو نِسبتي نشان
شُعار: '"Liberté, égalité, fraternité"
"آزادي، مساوات، دوستي"
ترانو: La Dessalinienne
گادي جو هنڌ پورٽ-او-پرنس
18°32′N 72°20′W / 18.533°N 72.333°W / 18.533; -72.333
سڀ کان وڏو شهر پورٽ-او-پرنس
دفتري ٻوليون * فرانسيسي (هائيٽي جي)
  • ڪريول (هائيٽي جي)
نسلي گروھ 95% آفريڪن (بليڪ)
  • 5% ميولاتو گورا[3]
مذهب (2020) * 87.0% عيسائيت
  • 10.7% ملحد
  • 2.1% مقامي مذهب
  • 0.2% ٻيا
مقامي آبادي هٽيئن
حڪومت هڪ عبوري حڪومت جي تحت وحداني نيم صدارتي جمهوريه
• عبوري صدارتي ڪائونسل
  • ايڊگارڊ ليبلانڪ فلز (چيئرمين)
  • فرٽز جين
  • لارينٽ سينٽ سائر
  • ايمانوئل ورٽيليئر
  • سمٿ آگسٽين
  • ليسلي وولٽيئر
  • لوئس جيرالڊ گلس
• وزير اعظم
 گيري ڪونيل (قائم مقام)
مقننه قومي اسيمبلي
سينيٽ
چيمبر آف ڊپٽيز
فرانس کان آزادي
• آزادي جو اعلان ڪيو ويو
 پهرين جنوري، 1804ع
• آزادي تسليم ڪئي وئي
 17 اپريل، 1825ع
• پهرين سلطنت
 22 سيپٽمبر، 1804ع
• ڏاکڻي جمهوريه (SR)
 9 مارچ، 1806ع
• اترين رياست (NS)
 17 آڪٽوبر، 1806ع
• ھيٽي جي بادشاهت
 28 مارچ، 1811ع
• هسپانيولا جي يونيفڪيشن
 9 فيبروري، 1822ع
• تحليل
 27 فيبروري، 1844ع
• ٻئي ايمپائر
 26 آگسٽ، 1849ع
• جمهوريه
 15 جنوري، 1859ع
• هيٽي تي آمريڪا جو قبضو
 28 جولائي، 1915ع - 1 آگسٽ، 1934ع
• آمريڪا کان آزادي
 15 August 1934
• موجوده دستور
 29 مارچ، 1987ع
پکيڙ
• جملي
 [اوزا تبديل: invalid number] (143rd)
• پاڻي (%)
 0.7
آبادي
• 2023ع اندازو
 11,470,261[4] (83rd)
•  گھاٽائي
 382 /km2 (989.4 /sq mi) (32nd)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد ) 2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $38.952 billion[5] (144th)
• في سيڪڙو
 $3,185[5] (174th)
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ ) 2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل
 $25.986 billion[5] (139th)

هيٽي (Haiti)، سرڪاري طور تي هيٽي جي جمهوريه، ڪريبين سمنڊ ۾ هسپانوليا ٻيٽ جي هڪ حصي (3/8) تي مشتمل هڪ ملڪ آهي. اها ٻيٽ ڪيريبين سمنڊ ۾ ڪيوبا ۽ جميڪا جي اوڀر ۽ بهاماس جي ڏکڻ ۾، ھيٽي ٻيٽ جي اولهه واري ٽن اٺين (3/8) حصي تي مشتمل آهي، جڏهن ته باقي 5/8 حصي تي ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ آهي. هيٽي ڪيريبين ۾ ٽيون وڏو ملڪ ۽ اندازي مطابق هڪ ڪروڙ چوڏهون لک جي آبادي سان، سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو ڪيريبين ملڪ آهي. گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر پورٽ-او-پرنس آهي. فرانسيسي ۽ ڪريول هيٽي جون سرڪاري ٻوليون آهن.

آهي.

Haiti,[lower-alpha 1] officially the Republic of Haiti,[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic.[12][13] Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, is the most populous Caribbean country.[14] The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince.

The island was originally inhabited by the Taíno people.[15] The first Europeans arrived in December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus,[16] establishing the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti.[17][18][19][20] The island formed part of the Spanish Empire until 1697, when the western portion was ceded to France and subsequently renamed Saint-Domingue. French colonists established sugarcane plantations, worked by slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the world's richest.[حوالو گهربل]

In the midst of the French Revolution, enslaved persons, maroons, and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. Napoleon's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804, leading to a massacre of the French. Haiti became the first independent nation in the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country in the Americas to officially abolish slavery, and the only country in history established by a slave revolt.[21][22][23]

The first century of independence was characterized by political instability, international isolation, crippling debt payments to France, and a costly war with neighboring Dominican Republic. Political volatility and foreign economic influence prompted a U.S. occupation from 1915 to 1934.[24] A series of unstable presidencies gave way to nearly three decades of dictatorship under the Duvalier family (1957–1986), which brought state-sanctioned violence, corruption, and economic stagnation. Following a coup d'état in 2004, the United Nations intervened to stabilize the country. In 2010, Haiti suffered a catastrophic earthquake, followed by a deadly cholera outbreak. With its deteriorating economic situation,[25] the country has experienced a socioeconomic and political crisis marked by riots and protests, widespread hunger, and increased gang activity.[26] As of May 2024, Haiti has no remaining elected government officials and has been described as a failed state.[27][28]

Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS),[29] Association of Caribbean States,[30] and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund,[31] World Trade Organization,[32] and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas.[33]

ھيٽي جو جھنڊو

 

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. "Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti", اصل کان 1 August 2020 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 May 2020۔
  2. "Konstitisyon Repiblik d Ayiti", اصل کان 1 August 2020 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 May 2020۔
  3. ↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIA_20110303
  4. ↑ سانچو:Cite CIA World Factbook
  5. 1 2 3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Haiti)", IMF.org, International Monetary Fund, 10 October 2023, اصل کان 22 October 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 15 October 2023۔
  6. ↑ "Konstitisyon Repiblik Ayiti 1987", Ufdc.ufl.edu, اصل کان 22 September 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 July 2013۔
  7. ↑ "Catalogue description Haitian Declaration of Independence", 1 January 1804, اصل کان 7 February 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 May 2020 – ذريعي وٽان National Archive of the UK۔
  8. ↑ "National Archives – Haiti", اصل کان 1 January 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 1 September 2023۔
  9. ↑ La Constitution Impériale du 20 mai 1805[مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  10. ↑ "Remember Haiti | Revolution | Royaume d'Hayti. Déclaration du roi.", brown.edu, اصل کان 7 February 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 May 2020۔
  11. ↑ Corbett, Bob, وڪي نويس (9 November 2003), "17201: Corbett: Hayti and Haiti in the English language", Webster University, اصل کان 9 March 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 March 2017۔
  12. ↑ Dardik, Alan, ed (2016). Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective. Springer. p. 341. ISBN 978-3-319-33745-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=de9NDQAAQBAJ. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  13. ↑ Josh, Jagran, وڪي نويس (2016), "Current Affairs November 2016 eBook", ص: 93, حاصل ڪيل 8 May 2017۔
  14. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision", ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, حاصل ڪيل 10 September 2017۔
  15. ↑ Lawler, Andrew (23 December 2020). "Invaders nearly wiped out Caribbean's first people long before Spanish came, DNA reveals". National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/12/invaders-nearly-wiped-out-caribbeans-first-people-long-before-spanish-came-dna-reveals/.
  16. ↑ NgCheong-Lum, Roseline (2005). Haiti (Cultures of the World). New York: Times Editions. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7614-1968-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=FUSD2v4EQE8C. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  17. ↑ Davies, Arthur (1953). "The Loss of the Santa Maria Christmas Day, 1492". The American Historical Review: 854–865. doi:10.1086/ahr/58.4.854. ISSN 0002-8762.
  18. ↑ Maclean, Frances (January 2008), "The Lost Fort of Columbus", Smithsonian Magazine, اصل کان 21 December 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 January 2008۔
  19. ↑ "Haïti histoire – 7 Bord de Mer de Limonade", Nilstremmel.com, اصل کان 22 September 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 15 July 2014۔
  20. ↑ "En Bas Saline", Florida Museum of Natural History, 20 September 2017, اصل کان 1 October 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 2 September 2014۔
  21. ↑ Danticat, Edwidge (2005). "Anacaona, Golden Flower". Journal of Haitian Studies (New York: Scholastic Inc.) 11 (2): 163–165. ISBN 978-0-439-49906-4.
  22. ↑ Matthewson, Tim (1996). "Jefferson and the Nonrecognition of Haiti". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 140 (1): 22–48. ISSN 0003-049X.
  23. ↑ "Country profile: Haiti". BBC News. 19 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1202772.stm.
  24. ↑ p 223 – Benjamin Beede (1994). The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia (May 1, 1994 ed.). Routledge; 1 edition. pp. 784. ISBN 0-8240-5624-8. https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti0000unse_o8w2/page/784.
    The Haitian and U.S. governments reached a mutually satisfactory agreement in the Executive Accord of August 7, 1933, and on August 15, the last marines departed.
  25. ↑ Shellenberger, Michael (22 September 2022), "Haiti Riots Triggered By IMF Advice To Cut Fuel Subsidies", Forbes, اصل کان 22 October 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 18 October 2022۔
  26. ↑ Taylor, Luke (18 October 2022), "Haiti on verge of collapse, NGOs warn as UN talks on restoring order continue", The Guardian, اصل کان 14 January 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 October 2022۔
  27. ↑ Taylor, Luke (11 January 2023). "Haiti left with no elected government officials as it spirals towards anarchy". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/10/haiti-no-elected-officials-anarchy-failed-state.
  28. ↑ Charles, Jacqueline (3 May 2023). "As violence in Haiti worsens, Canada bets on assistance to police". Miami Herald. https://news.yahoo.com/violence-haiti-worsens-canada-bets-153056650.html.
  29. ↑ OAS (1 August 2009), "OAS – Member State: Haiti", oas.org, OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development, اصل کان 22 September 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 April 2017۔
  30. ↑ Press, وڪي نويس (2014), "Association of Caribbean States (1994–2014)", ص: 46, اصل کان 11 August 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 25 April 2016۔
  31. ↑ "International Monetary Fund: List of Members", imf.org, اصل کان 4 March 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 April 2017۔
  32. ↑ "WTO ¦ World Trade Organization: Members and Observers", wto.org, اصل کان 29 June 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 April 2017۔
  33. ↑ "United Nations Human Development Insights", اصل کان 12 July 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 21 June 2024۔
  1. ↑ Listeni/ˈheɪti/ HAY-tee; French: Haïti [a.iti] (About this sound ٻڌو); سانچو:Lang-ht سانچو:IPA-ht
  2. ↑ فرينچ: République d'Haïti; سانچو:Lang-ht[6]
  3. ↑ The nation was officially founded as Hayti in its Declaration of Independence and early prints,[7][8] constitutions,[9] and imperial declarations.[10] Published writings of 1802–1919 in the United States commonly used the name Hayti (e.g. The Blue Book of Hayti (1919), a book with official standing in Haiti). By 1873 Haiti was common among titles of US published books as well as in US congressional publications. In all of Frederick Douglass' publications after 1890, he used Haiti. As late as 1949, the name Hayti continued to be used in books published in England (e.g. Hayti: 145 Years of Independence—The Bi-Centenary of Port-au-Prince published in London, England in 1949) but by 1950, usage in England had shifted to Haiti.[11]
حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو
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