ھيٺيون ايوان: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت
ڊاٿل مواد شامل ڪيل مواد
Intisar Ali (بحث | ڀاڱيداريون) ٽيگَ: موبائل سنوار موبائل ويب سنوار |
Intisar Ali (بحث | ڀاڱيداريون) سنوار جو تَتُ ڪونهي ٽيگَ: موبائل سنوار موبائل ويب سنوار |
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[[File:Dáil Chamber.jpg|thumb|آئرلينڊ جي پارليامينٽ جو ھيٺيون ايوان ڊيئل ارئيئن]] |
[[File:Dáil Chamber.jpg|thumb|آئرلينڊ جي پارليامينٽ جو ھيٺيون ايوان ڊيئل ارئيئن]] |
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{{Legislature}} |
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A '''lower house''' is one of two [[debate chamber|chambers]] of a [[bicameral]] [[legislature]], the other chamber being the [[upper house]].<ref>''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis.</ref> |
A '''lower house''' is one of two [[debate chamber|chambers]] of a [[bicameral]] [[legislature]], the other chamber being the [[upper house]].<ref>''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis.</ref> |
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ورجاءُ بمطابق 11:14, 4 نومبر 2018ع
A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.[1]
Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power. The lower house typically is the more numerous of the two chambers. A legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.
Common attributes
In comparison with the upper house, lower houses frequently display certain characteristics.
- Powers
- In a parliamentary system, the lower house:
- In the modern era, has much more power, usually based on restrictions against the upper house.
- Able to override the upper house in some ways.
- Can vote a motion of no confidence against the government.
- Exceptions are Australia, where the Senate has considerable power approximate to that of the House of Representatives, and Italy, where the Senate has exactly the same powers as the Chamber of Deputies.
- In a presidential system, the lower house:
- Debatably somewhat less, the lower house also has exclusive powers in some areas.
- Given the sole power to impeach the executive (the upper house then tries the impeachment).
- Frequently, bills to raise revenue and to appropriate funds must originate in the lower house.
- Status of lower house
- Always elected directly, while the upper house may be elected directly, indirectly, or not elected at all.
- Its members may be elected with a different voting system to the upper house.
- Most populated administrative divisions are better represented than in the upper house; representation is usually proportional to population.
- Elected more frequently.
- Elected all at once, not by staggered terms.
- In a parliamentary system, can be dissolved by the executive.
- More members.
- Has total or original control over budget and monetary laws.
- Lower age of candidacy than the upper house.
Titles of lower houses
Common names
Many lower houses are named in the following manner: House/Chamber of Representatives/the People/Commons/Deputies.
- Chamber of Deputies
- Chamber of Representatives
- House of Assembly
- House of Representatives
- House of Commons
- House of Delegates
- Legislative Assembly
- National Assembly
Unique Names
Government | Lower House Unique Name | Meaning |
---|---|---|
Austria | Nationalrat | National Council |
Germany | Bundestag | Federal Diet |
Greece | Βουλή των Ελλήνων | Council of the Hellenes |
India | Lok Sabha | House of the People |
Indonesia | Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat | People's Representative Council |
Ireland | Dáil Éireann | Assembly of Ireland |
Isle of Man | House of Keys | |
Italy | Camera dei Deputati | Chamber of Deputies |
Kazakhstan | Mazhilis | Assembly |
Malaysia | Dewan Rakyat | People's Hall |
Myanmar | Pyithu Hluttaw | House of Representatives |
Netherlands | Tweede Kamer | Second Chamber |
Poland | Sejm | Gathering |
Russia | State Duma | |
Spain | Congreso de los Diputados | Congress of Deputies |
See also
References
- ↑ Bicameralism (1997) by George Tsebelis.
- ↑ "pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm". www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm. حاصل ڪيل 2016-03-02.