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Comparisons Introductory guides
Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.
In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA }} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice }}, though each token still requires the {{IPA }} template for proper formatting.
If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.
For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use templates linking to Help:IPA/English , a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English:
/word/ pronounced /word/ { { IPAc-en } } , which automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3r|d}} appears as / ˈ w ɜr d / For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use { { IPA-endia } } or { { IPA-all } } .
For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:
{ { IPA-all } } , appearing as: IPA: [word] For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
{{IPA-fr|o}} → فرينچ اچار: [o]
Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
{{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → pronounced [o]
Language name only:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → فرينچ: [o]
"IPA" only:
{{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]
Link only:
Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → فرينچ: [o] ( ٻڌو
For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
{{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → فرينچ اچار: [o] ( ٻڌو
Afrikaans { { IPA-af } } Albanian { { IPA-sq } } Amharic { { IPA-am } } Arabic { { IPA-ar } } , { { IPA-aeb } } (Tunisian), { { IPA-acw } } (Hejazi) & { { IPA-arz } } (Egyptian) (see also { { IPAc-ar } } hereafter)Armenian { { IPA-hy } } Arpitan { { IPA-frp } } Assamese { { IPA-as } } Astur-Leonese { { IPA-ast } } , { { IPA-le } } , { { IPA-mwl } } , { { IPA-ext } } Australian Aboriginal languages { { IPA-aus } } Basque { { IPA-eu } } Belarusian { { IPA-be } } Bengali { { IPA-bn } } Berber (Tamaziɣt) { { IPA-tam } } Breton { { IPA-br } } Bulgarian Macedonian { { IPA-mk } } & { { IPA-bg } } Burmese { { IPA-my } } Cantonese { { IPA-yue } } (see also { { IPAc-yue } } hereafter)Catalan { { IPA-ca } } & { { IPA-va } } Colognian (Kölsch) { { IPA-ksh } } Corsican { { IPA-co } } Czech { { IPA-cs } } Danish { { IPA-da } } Dutch Flemish { { IPA-nl } } Emilian-Romagnol { { IPA-egl } } & { { IPA-rgn } } English { { IPA-en } } & { { IPA-endia } } (see also { { IPAc-en } } hereafter)Esperanto { { IPA-eo } } Fijian { { IPA-fj } } Finnish Estonian { { IPA-fi } } & { { IPA-et } } French { { IPA-fr } } (see also { { IPAc-fr } } hereafter)Georgian { { IPA-ka } } (see also { { IPAc-ka } } hereafter)German { { IPA-de } } & { { IPA-gsw } } (Alemannic)Greek { { IPA-el } } Guaraní { { IPA-gn } } Gujarati { { IPA-gu } } Haitian Creole { { IPA-ht } } Hawaiian { { IPA-haw } } Hebrew { { IPA-he } } (see also { { IPAc-he } } hereafter)Hindustani { { IPA-hns } } , { { IPA-hi } } & { { IPA-ur } } Hungarian { { IPA-hu } } (see also { { IPAc-hu } } hereafter)Icelandic { { IPA-is } } Inuktitut { { IPA-iu } } Irish { { IPA-ga } } (see also { { IPAc-ga } } hereafter)Italian { { IPA-it } } & (dialects) { { IPA-itdia } } (see also { { IPAc-it } } hereafter)Japanese { { IPA-ja } } (see also { { IPAc-ja } } hereafter)Judaeo-Spanish { { IPA-lad } } Kashmiri { { IPA-ks } } Kazakh { { IPA-kk } } Khmer { { IPA-km } } Klingon { { IPA-tlh } } Korean { { IPA-ko } } (see also { { IPAc-ko } } hereafter)Kurdish { { IPA-ku } } Latin { { IPA-la } } Latvian { { IPA-lv } } Laz { { IPA-lzz } } Ligurian (Genoese) { { IPA-lij } } Lithuanian { { IPA-lt } } Lombard { { IPA-lmo } } Luxembourgish { { IPA-lb } } Macedonian { { IPA-mk } } Malagasy { { IPA-mg } } Malay Indonesian { { IPA-may } } & { { IPA-id } } Malayalam { { IPA-ml } } Maltese { { IPA-mt } } Mandaic { { IPA-mid } } Mandarin Chinese { { IPA-cmn } } (see also { { IPAc-cmn } } hereafter)Manchu { { IPA-mnc } } Manx { { IPA-gv } } Māori { { IPA-mi } } (see also { { IPAc-mi } } hereafter)Marshallese { { IPA-mh } } (see also { { IPAc2-mh } } hereafter)Mayan { { IPA-myn } } Mingrelian { { IPA-xmf } } Mongolian { { IPA-mn } } Nahuatl { { IPA-nah } } Navajo { { IPA-nav } } Neapolitan { { IPA-nap } } Northern Thai { { IPA-nod } } Norwegian { { IPA-no } } Occitan { { IPA-oc } } Oriya { { IPA-or } } Oromo { { IPA-om } } Persian { { IPA-fa } } Piedmontese { { IPA-pms } } Polish { { IPA-pl } } (see also { { IPAc-pl } } hereafter)Portuguese Galician { { IPA-pt } } (see also { { IPAc-pt } } hereafter) & { { IPA-gl } } Punjabi { { IPA-pa } } Quechua { { IPA-qu } } Romanian { { IPA-ro } } (see also { { IPAc-ro } } hereafter)Romansh { { IPA-rm } } Russian { { IPA-ru } } Sanskrit { { IPA-sa } } Sardinian { { IPA-srd } } Saterland Frisian { { IPA-stq } } Scottish Gaelic { { IPA-gd } } Serbian Croatian { { IPA-sh } } , { { IPA-hr } } , { { IPA-sr } } Shan Tai Lü { { IPA-shn } } Sicilian { { IPA-scn } } Slovak { { IPA-sk } } Slovene { { IPA-sl } } Spanish { { IPA-es } } (see also { { IPAc-es } } hereafter)Svan { { IPA-sva } } Swazi { { IPA-ss } } Swedish { { IPA-sv } } Taiwanese Hokkien { { IPA-taiwan } } Tagalog (Filipino) { { IPA-tl } } Tamil { { IPA-ta } } Tatar { { IPA-tt } } Thai Lao-Isan { { IPA-th } } & { { IPA-lo } } Tibetan { { IPA-bo } } Turkish Azeri Turkmen { { IPA-tr } } , { { IPA-az } } & { { IPA-tk } } Ukrainian { { IPA-uk } } Uzbek { { IPA-uz } } Venetian { { IPA-vec } } Vietnamese { { IPA-vi } } Walloon { { IPA-wa } } Wandamen { { IPA-wad } } Welsh { { IPA-cy } } West Frisian { { IPA-fy } } Xhosa { { IPA-xh } } Yiddish { { IPA-yi } } Zulu { { IPA-zu } }
Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv | word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will link to Help:IPA , producing سانچو:IPA-jv .
{ { IPA-ace } } Acehnese{ { IPA-ady } } Adyghe{ { IPA-ain } } Ainu{ { IPA-ak } } Akan (Fante, Twi){ { IPA-akk } } Akkadian{ { IPA-alg } } Algonquian (Micmac, Cree){ { IPA-all } } (transcriptions not specific to any language, or which have not yet been reassigned){ { IPA-als } } Albanian dialects{ { IPA-an } } Aragonese{ { IPA-arn } } Mapuche{ { IPA-art } } artificial (Ido, Tolkien, etc.){ { IPA-ath } } Athabaskan (Dene, Navajo){ { IPA-ay } } Aymara{ { IPA-azc } } Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone, Comanche){ { IPA-ba } } Bashkir{ { IPA-bm } } Manding/Bambara{ { IPA-bodia } } Bodish{ { IPA-cau } } (North) Caucasian{ { IPA-cel } } Celtic (Brythonic, Gaulish){ { IPA-ch } } Chamorro{ { IPA-cop } } Coptic{ { IPA-csb } } Kashubian{ { IPA-cv } } Chuvash{ { IPA-dedia } } German dialects{ { IPA-dv } } Dhivehi{ { IPA-ee } } Gbe (Ewe, Fon){ { IPA-enm } } Middle English{ { IPA-esdia } } Spanish dialects{ { IPA-fo } } Faroese{ { IPA-frdia } } French dialects (Canadian, Metis, Norman){ { IPA-fur } } Friulian{ { IPA-gez } } Ge'ez{ { IPA-ha } } Hausa{ { IPA-hak } } Hakka{ { IPA-hmn } } Hmong{ { IPA-ig } } Igbo{ { IPA-ik } } Inupiat{ { IPA-ira } } Iranian (Old Persian, Kurdish, Pamir){ { IPA-iro } } Iroquoian (Mohawk, Cherokee){ { IPA-jv } } Javanese{ { IPA-ki } } Kikuyu{ { IPA-kl } } Greenlandic{ { IPA-kn } } Kannada{ { IPA-kok } } Konkani{ { IPA-kw } } Cornish{ { IPA-ky } } Kyrgyz{ { IPA-lad } } Ladino{ { IPA-lg } } Ganda{ { IPA-lld } } Ladin{ { IPA-ltc } } Middle Chinese{ { IPA-mga } } Middle Irish{ { IPA-mnw } } Mon{ { IPA-moh } } Mohawk{ { IPA-mos } } Mossi/Gurunsi{ { IPA-mr } } Marathi{ { IPA-mus } } Muskogean (Chickasaw, Creek){ { IPA-na } } Nauruan{ { IPA-nan } } Minnan/Taiwanese{ { IPA-ne } } Nepali{ { IPA-non } } Old Norse{ { IPA-ny } } Chewa{ { IPA-oax } } Oaxaca (Zapotec, Mixe, Otomi){ { IPA-pap } } Papiamento{ { IPA-poly } } (other) Polynesian{ { IPA-ps } } Pashto{ { IPA-ptdia } } Portuguese dialects{ { IPA-qya } } Quenya{ { IPA-rw } } Rwanda-Rundi{ { IPA-ryu } } Okinawan langs{ { IPA-sal } } Salish & NW Coast{ { IPA-sco } } Scots{ { IPA-sd } } Sindhi{ { IPA-sei } } Seri{ { IPA-sem } } (ancient) Semitic, Egyptian{ { IPA-sga } } Old Irish{ { IPA-si } } Sinhala{ { IPA-sio } } Siouan (Omaha, Lakota){ { IPA-sla } } Slavic (old Slavic, Silesian, Sorbian){ { IPA-sm } } Samoan{ { IPA-sn } } Shona{ { IPA-so } } Somali{ { IPA-st } } Sotho{ { IPA-su } } Sundanese{ { IPA-sux } } Sumerian{ { IPA-sw } } Swahili{ { IPA-syr } } Syriac{ { IPA-te } } Telugu{ { IPA-tn } } Tswana{ { IPA-to } } Tongan{ { IPA-tyv } } Tuvan{ { IPA-ug } } Uyghur{ { IPA-wo } } Wolof{ { IPA-wuu } } Wu/Shanghainese{ { IPA-xx } } (unidentified){ { IPA-yo } } Yoruba
The template { { x2i } } takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.
Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:
Arabic, { { IPAc-ar } } {{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}} → سانچو:IPAc-ar
Mandarin, { { IPAc-cmn } } {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} → [tʂʊ́ ŋxwǎ ʐə̌ nmǐ n kʊ̂ ŋxɤ̌ kwɔ̌ ]
English, { { IPAc-en } } {{IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}} → / ˌ æ l ə ˈ b æ m ə /
Spanish, { { IPAc-es } } {{IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}} → سانچو:IPAc-es
French, { { IPAc-fr } } {{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}} → سانچو:IPAc-fr
Irish, { { IPAc-ga } } {{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}} → سانچو:IPAc-ga
Hebrew, { { IPAc-he } } {{IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}} → سانچو:IPAc-he
Hungarian, { { IPAc-hu } } {{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}} → سانچو:IPAc-hu
Italian, { { IPAc-it } } {{IPAc-it|'|ì|o|_|'|s|o|:|n|o|_|a|m|e|r|i|'|c|a|:|n|o}} → سانچو:IPAc-it
Japanese, { { IPAc-ja } } {{IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}} → سانچو:IPAc-ja
Georgian { { IPAc-ka } } {{IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}} → سانچو:IPAc-ka
Korean, { { IPAc-ko } } {{IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}} → سانچو:IPAc-ko
Marshallese, { { IPAc2-mh } } {{IPAc-mh|m|yay|J|^yeh|r|how|ow}} → سانچو:IPAc-mh
Māori, { { IPAc-mi } } {{IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}} → سانچو:IPAc-mi
Polish, { { IPAc-pl } } {{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}} → سانچو:IPAc-pl
Portuguese, { { IPAc-pt } } {{IPAc-pt|p|o|<|r|t|u|'|g|a|l|lang=pt}} and {{IPAc-pt|b|r|a|'|S|i|l|lang=br}} → سانچو:IPAc-pt and سانچو:IPAc-pt
Romanian, { { IPAc-ro } } {{IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|U|l|U|i}} → سانچو:IPAc-ro
Cantonese, { { IPAc-yue } } {{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}} → [hǒ ŋ.tsǐ ː]
The following templates need amendment:
