اسڪردو

اسڪردو اسڪردو སྐར་མདོ
شھر
شنگريلا رزارٽ. ھي تصوير 2015 ۾ وڪيپيڊيا جي وڪي ڪامن ڌرتي سان پيار واري مقابلي ۾ پھريون نمبر آئي
اسڪردو اسڪردو قراقرم جي خطي ۾ مقام
جاگرافي بيهڪ: 35°17′25″N 75°38′40″E
ملڪ	پاڪستان
انتظامي صوبو	گلگت-بلتستان
بلندي	2,228 ميل (7,310 ft)
آبادي

اسڪردو(انگريزي: Skardu) پاڪستانجي انتظامي صوبي گلگت بلتستان جي بلتستان ڊويزن جي اسڪردو ضلعي جو شھر جيڪو اسڪردو ضلعي ۽ بلتستان ڊويزن جو صدر مقام آهي. اسڪردو نالو سان وادي لڳ ڀڳ 10 ڪلوميٽر ڪشادي آھي جنھن ۾ درياء سنڌ ۽ درياء شگر جي سنگم لڳ ھي شھر اڏيل آھي.

ver]]s at an altitude of nearly 2٬500 ميٽر (8٬202 فٽ). The city is an important gateway to the eight-thousanders of the nearby Karakoram Mountain range. The town is located on the Indus river, which separates the Karakoram Range from the Himalayas.

Etymology

The name "Skardu" is believed to be derived from the Balti word meaning "a low land between two high places." The two referenced “high places" are Shigar city, and the high-altitude Satpara Lake

The first mention of Skardu dates to the first half of the 16th century. Mirza Haidar (1499–1551) described Askardu in the 16th-century text Tarikh-i-Rashidi Baltistan as one of the districts of the area. The first mention of Skardu in European literature was made by Frenchman François Bernier (1625–1688), who mentions the city by the name of Eskerdou. After his mention, Skardu was quickly drawn into Asian maps produced in Europe, and was first mentioned as Eskerdow the map "Indiae orientalis nec non insularum adiacentium nova descriptio" by Dutch engraver Nicolaes Visscher II, published between 1680–1700.

History

Early history

The Manthal Buddha Rock dates from the era when the region's population was Buddhist.

At an average elevation of 4,114 metres (13,497 ft), the nearby Deosai Plains form the world's second highest alpine plain.

The Skardu region was part of the cultural sphere of Buddhist Tibet since the founding of the Tibetan Empire under Songsten Gampo in the mid 7th-century CE. Tibetan tantric scriptures were found all over Baltistan until about the 9th century. Given the region’s close proximity to Central Asia, Skardu remained in contact with tribes near Kashgar, in what is now China's westernmost province of Xinjiang.

Following the dissolution of Tibetan suzerainty over Baltistan around the 9th-10th century CE, Baltistan came under control of the local Maqpon Dynasty, a dynasty of Turkic extraction, which according to local tradition, is said to have been founded after a migrant from Kashmir named Ibrahim Shah married a local princess.

Maqpon period

Skardu was founded around the year 1500 along the Indus River where it enters a broad valley at its confluence with the Shigar River.

Around the year 1500, Maqpon Bokha was crowned ruler, and founded the city of Skardu as his capital. The Skardu Fort was established around this time. During his reign, King Makpon Bokha imported craftsmen to Skardu from Kashmir and Chilas to help develop the area’s economy. While nearby Gilgit fell out of the orbit of Tibetan influence, Skardu's Baltistan region remained connected due to its close proximity to Ladakh,CITEREFDani,_The_Western_Himalayan_States1998 the region which Skardu and neighbouring Khaplu routinely fought against. Sikhs traditionally believe that Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, visited Skardu during his second udasi journey between 1510 and 1515.

Mughal period

In the early 1500s, Sultan Said Khan of the Timurid Yarkent Khanate, based in what is now Xinjiang province of China, raided Skardu and Baltistan. Given the threat illustrated by the Sultan Said's invasion, Mughal attention was roused, prompting the 1586 conquest of Baltistan by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The local Maqpon rulers pledged allegiance, and from that point onwards beginning with Ali Sher Khan Anchan, the kings of Skardu were mentioned as rulers of Little Tibet in the historiography of the Mughal Empire.

Mughal forces again incurred into the region during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1634-6 under the forces of Zafar Khan, in order to settle a dispute to Skardu's throne between Adam Khan, and his elder brother Abdul Khan.{{sfn|Pirumshoev & Dani, The Pamirs, Badakhshan and t