مواد ڏانھن هلو

مدد:آءِ پي اي

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان

آءِپي اي IPA (انٽرنيشنل فوئنٽڪ الفابيٽ IPA) جي هجي جي نشانين لاءِ وڪيپيڊيا جي چاٻي The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the Latin alphabet. Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end.

Symbol Examples Description
A
[a] (About this sound ٻڌو) German Mann For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
[] German Aachen, French gare Long [a].
[ä] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 他 tā, American English ah, Spanish casa, French patte
[ɐ] (About this sound ٻڌو) RP cut, German Kaiserslautern (In transcriptions of English, [ɐ] is usually written ⟨ʌ⟩.)
[ɑ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
[ɑː] RP father, French pâte Long [ɑ].
[ɑ̃] (About this sound ٻڌو) French Caen, sans, temps Nasalized [ɑ].
[ɒ] (About this sound ٻڌو) RP cot Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
[ʌ] (About this sound ٻڌو) American English cut Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When ⟨ʌ⟩ is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
[æ] (About this sound ٻڌو) RP cat
B
[b] (About this sound ٻڌو) English babble
[ɓ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Swahili bwana Like a [b] said with a gulp. See implosive consonants.
[β] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children" Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
[ʙ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" Sputtering.
C
[c] (About this sound ٻڌو) Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Romanian cameră "room"Greek και "and" Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
[ç] (About this sound ٻڌو) German Ich More of a y-coloration (more palatal) than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
[ɕ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
[ɔ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under O
D
[d] (About this sound ٻڌو) English dad
[ɗ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Swahili Dodoma Like [d] said with a gulp.
[ɖ] (About this sound ٻڌو) American English harder Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ð] (About this sound ٻڌو) English the, bathe
[dz] (About this sound ٻڌو) English adds, Italian zero
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) English judge
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) Polish niewiedź "bear" Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) Polish em "jam" Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
E
[e] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish fe; French clé
[] German Klee Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
[ɘ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Australian English bird
[ə] (About this sound ٻڌو) English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" (Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
[ɚ] (About this sound ٻڌو) American English runner
[ɛ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English bet
[ɛ̃] (About this sound ٻڌو) French Saint-Étienne, vin, main Nasalized [ɛ].
[ɜ] (About this sound ٻڌو) RP bird (long)
[ɝ] (About this sound ٻڌو) American English bird
F
[f] (About this sound ٻڌو) English fun
[ɟ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under J
[ʄ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under J
G
[ɡ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English gag (Should look like . No different from a Latin "g")
[ɠ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Swahili Uganda Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
[ɢ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in Muammar Gaddafi.
[ʒ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under Z English beige.
H
[h] (About this sound ٻڌو) American English house
[ɦ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English ahead, when said quickly.
[ʰ] The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
[ħ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Arabic Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data' not found. Muhammad Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
[ɥ] see under Y
[ɮ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under L
I
[i] (About this sound ٻڌو) French ville, Spanish Valladolid
[] English sea Long [i].
[ɪ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English sit
[ɨ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Russian ты "you" Often used for unstressed English roses.
J
[j] (About this sound ٻڌو) English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
[ʲ] Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn] Indicates a sound is more y-like.
[ʝ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish cayo (some dialects) Like [j], but stronger.
[ɟ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
[ʄ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Swahili jambo Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
K
[k] (About this sound ٻڌو) English kick, skip
L
[l] (About this sound ٻڌو) English leaf
[ɫ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English wool
Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"
"Dark" el.
[ɬ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey"
Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"
By touching roof of mouth with tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
[ɭ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɺ] A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
[ɮ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Zulu dla "eat" Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
M
[m] (About this sound ٻڌو) English mime
[ɱ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English symphony Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ɯ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under W
[ʍ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under W
N
[n] (About this sound ٻڌو) English nun
[ŋ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English sing, Māori nga
[ɲ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish Peña, French champagne Rather like English canyon (/nj/ said quickly).
[ɳ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɴ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
O
[o] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish no, French eau
[] German Boden, French Vosges Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
[ɔ] (About this sound ٻڌو) German Oldenburg, French Garonne
[ɔː] RP law, French Limoges Long [ɔ].
[ɔ̃] (About this sound ٻڌو) French Lyon, son Nasalized [ɔ].
[ø] (About this sound ٻڌو) French feu, bœufs Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
[øː] German Goethe, French Dle, neutre Long [ø].
[ɵ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The Dutch vowel is often transcribed with ⟨ʏ⟩ or ⟨œ⟩, whereas the French vowel is typically transcribed with ⟨ə⟩.
[œ] (About this sound ٻڌو) French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
[œː] French œuvre, heure Long [œ].
[œ̃] (About this sound ٻڌو) French brun, parfum Nasalized [œ].
[ɶ] (About this sound ٻڌو)
[θ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under Others
[ɸ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under Others
P
[p] (About this sound ٻڌو) English pip
Q
[q] (About this sound ٻڌو) Arabic Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data' not found. Qur’ān Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
R
[r] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish perro, Scots borrow "Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English [ɹ], when there's no ambiguity.)
[ɾ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie "Flapped R".
[ʀ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
[ɽ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari" Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
[ɹ] (About this sound ٻڌو) RP borrow
[ɻ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
[ʁ] (About this sound ٻڌو) French Paris, German Riemann Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
S
[s] (About this sound ٻڌو) English sass
[ʃ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English shoe
[ʂ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
T
[t] (About this sound ٻڌو) English tot, stop
[ʈ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief" Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ts] (About this sound ٻڌو) English cats, Russian царь tsar
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) English church
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 北京 About this sound Běijīng, Polish ciebie "you" Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
[] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
U
[u] (About this sound ٻڌو) French vous "you"
[] French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, American English food Long [u].
[ʊ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English foot, German Bundesrepublik
[ʉ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Australian English food (long) Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
[ɥ] see under Y
[ɯ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under W
V
[v] (About this sound ٻڌو) English verve
[ʋ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna" Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
[ɤ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under Y
[ɣ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under Y
[ʌ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under A
W
[w] (About this sound ٻڌو) English wow
[ʷ] Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in English rain
[ʍ] (About this sound ٻڌو) what (some dialects) like [h] and [w] said together
[ɯ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
[ɰ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Spanish agua
X
[x] (About this sound ٻڌو) Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven between [k] and [h]
[χ] (About this sound ٻڌو) northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] Like [x], but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
Y
[y] (About this sound ٻڌو) French rue Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
[] German Bülow, French sûr Long [y].
[ʏ] (About this sound ٻڌو) German Düsseldorf Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
[ɣ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Arabic Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data' not found. ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro Sounds rather like French [ʁ] or between [ɡ] and [h].
[ɤ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ʎ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Italian tagliatelle Like [l], but more y-like. Rather like English volume.
[ɥ] French lui Like [j] and [w] said together.
Z
[z] (About this sound ٻڌو) English zoo
[ʒ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English vision, French journal
[ʑ] (About this sound ٻڌو) old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
[ʐ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Russian жир "fat" Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɮ] (About this sound ٻڌو) see under L
Others
[θ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English thigh, bath
[ɸ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
[ʔ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English uh-oh, Hawaii, German die Angst The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɪnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [əˈʔæpl̩].
[ʕ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Arabic Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data' not found. ʻarabī "Arabic" A light sound deep in the throat.
[ǀ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" (The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǀ], [ɡǀ], [ŋǀ]. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
[ǁ] (About this sound ٻڌو) English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" (The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǁ], [ɡǁ], [ŋǁ]. Found in the name of the Xhosa.
[ǃ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Zulu iqaqa "polecat" (The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǃ], [ɡǃ], [ŋǃ].
[ʘ] (About this sound ٻڌو) ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" Like a kissing sound.
[ǂ] (About this sound ٻڌو) Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂààʔám̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀] "to put in the mouth" Like an imitation of a chewing sound.

Marks added to letters

[سنواريو]

Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. These are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowel a. A more complete list is given at International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation.

Symbol Example Description
Signs above a letter
[ã] French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine" A nasal vowel, as with a Texas twang.
[ä] Portuguese vá [vä] "go" A central vowel pronounced with the tongue position in the middle of the mouth; neither forward nor back.
Signs below a letter
[a̯] English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯] This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: [kaʊ].)
[n̥] Sounds like a loud whisper; [n̥] is like a whispered breath through the nose. [l̥] is found in Tibetan Lhasa.
[n̩] English button A consonant without a vowel. (English [n̩] is often transcribed /ən/.)
[d̪] Spanish dos, French deux The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.
Signs next to a letter
[kʰ] English come Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly [tʰ pʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tɕʰ].
[k’] Zulu ukuza "come" Like a popped [k], pushed from the throat. Similarly [tʼ pʼ qʼ tʃʼ tsʼ tɬʼ].
[aː] English shh! [ʃː] Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo /ˈmeːoː/ for [ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯], etc.
[aˑ] RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt] Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot [ˈkʰɒt].)
[ˈa] pronunciation
[pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩]
Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[ˌa] Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[.] English courtship [ˈkɔrt.ʃɪp] Syllable break. (this is often redundant and therefore left off)

Particularly, the following symbols may be shown improperly depending on your font: