ليليٰ ۽ مجنون

ليليٰ ۽ مجنون (عربي: مجنون ليلى، "ليلا جو پاگل عاشق"؛ فارسي: ليلي و مجنون)^[1] هڪ پراڻي عرب داستان آهي،^[2] ^[3] جيڪا ستين صديءَ جي عرب شاعر قيس ابن الملوهءَ ۽ سندس معشوق، ليليٰ بنت مهدي (بعد ۾ ليليٰ العامريه جي نالي سان مشھور ٿي) جي باري ۾ آهي.^[4]

”ليليٰ مجنون جو موضوع، فارسي شاعر نظامي گنجويءَ جي 584 هجري/1188ع ۾ لکيل نثري نظم ذريعي، جيڪا سندس "خمسه" جو ٽيون حصو آهي^[5]^[6]^[7] ^[8] عربيءَ کان فارسي، ترڪي ۽ هندستاني ٻولين ۾ منتقل ٿيو“.^[9] اها سندن عشقيه داستان جي ساراهه جي هڪ مشهور نظم آهي.^[10]^[11]^[12]

قيس ۽ ليليٰ کي نوجواني هوندي ئي هڪ ٻئي سان پيار ٿي ويندو آهي، پر جڏهن وڏا ٿيا ته ليليٰ جي پيءُ کين گڏ رهڻ نه ڏنو. قيس تي هن جو اثر پيو ۽ هو ديوانو ٿي ويو. سندس قبيلو، بنو عامر ۽ برادري کيس "مجنون" جو لقب ڏنو (مجنون ”پاگل“، لغوي معني ”جن تي جن قبضو ڪيو“). نظاميءَ کان گهڻو اڳ، فارسي "اخبارن" ۾ هي ننڍي ننڍي داستانن جي صورت ۾ افسانوي صورتخطيءَ ۾ ڇپيل هئي. مجنون جي باري ۾ ابتدائي قصا ۽ زباني رپورٽون ڪتاب الآغاني ۽ ابن قتيبه جي ”الشعر و الشعراء“ ۾ درج ٿيل آهن. قصا گهڻو ڪري تمام ننڍا هوندا هئا ۽ صرف دور سان ڳنڍيل هئا ۽ ٿورو يا ڪو به پلاٽ جي ترقي نه ڏيکاريندا هئا. نظامي مجنون جي باري ۾ سيڪولر ۽ صوفياتي ذريعا گڏ ڪيا ۽ مشهور عاشقن جي هڪ واضح تصوير پيش ڪئي.^[13] ان کان پوءِ ٻين ڪيترن فارسي شاعرن به سندس نقل ڪيو ۽ پنهنجا پنهنجا نسخا لکيا.^[14] نظامي اذرين (عرب قبيلو)^[15] ^[16] جي عشقيه شاعريءَ مان اثر ورتو، جنهن ۾ شهوت ۽ محبوب ڏانهن ڪشش، اڪثر ڪري اڻپوري تمنا جي ڪري هوندي هئي.^[17]

نظامي جي ڪم جون ڪيتريون ئي تقليدون ڪيون ويون آهن، جن مان ڪيترائي اصل ادبي ڪم، جن ۾ امير خسرو دهلويءَ جو "مجنون و ليلي" (1299ع ۾ مڪمل ٿيو) ۽ جامي جو نسخو، 1484ع ۾ مڪمل ٿيو، جن ۾ 3,860 تائين رباعيون آهن، شامل آهن. ٻيا قابل ذڪر ڪم مڪتبي شيرازي، هاتفي (وفات 1520ع) ۽ فضولي (وفات 1556ع) جا آهن، جيڪي عثماني ترڪي ۽ هندستان ۾ مشهور ٿيا. سر وليم جونز سال 1788ع ۾ ڪلڪتي ۾ هاتفي جو رومانس شايع ڪيو. نظامي جي نسخي کانپوءِ رومانس جي مقبوليت پڻ ان جي غزلن جي شاعريءَ ۽ صوفي مثنوي جي حوالن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿي. نظامي جي رومانس جي ظاهر ٿيڻ کان اڳ، شعري مجموعن ۾ ليليٰ ۽ مجنون جي باري ۾ صرف چند اشارا موجود هئا. ٻارهين صديءَ کان پوءِ عاشقن بابت ڪھاڻين جو تعداد ۽ قسم به گھڻو وڌيو. تصوف جي ماهرن فني صوفياتي تصورن کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ مجنون جي باري ۾ ڪيتريون ئي ڪهاڻيون لکيون آهن ۽ خيال پيش ڪيا آهن جهڙوڪ فنا، ديوانگي، فدا (خود قرباني) وغيره. نظامي جو ڪم ڪيترن ئي ٻولين ۾ ترجمو ٿي چڪو آهي.^[18] جديد عربي ٻوليءَ جي ڪلاسيڪل عربي ڪهاڻي جي موافقت ۾ شوقي جو ڊرامو، "ليلي جو پاگل عاشق" (The Mad Lover of Layla) شامل آهي.^[19]

ڪهاڻي

قيس ۽ ليليٰ جو نسب

جڳھ

تاريخ ۽ اثر

ٻيا اثر

مشهور ثقافت ۾

پڻ ڏسو

خارجي لنڪس

پڻ ڏسو

ليلي ۽ مجنون (ناٽڪ ناچ)

خارجي لنڪس

حوالا

↑ Banipal: Magazine of Modern Iran Literature. 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=ykdjAAAAMAAJ.
↑ Schimmel, Annemarie (2014). A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry. p. 131. "Indeed, the old Arabic love story of Majnun and Layla became a favorite topic among Persian poets."
↑ The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs. 58. 1970. p. 32. https://books.google.com/books?id=rOlHjFjiOJIC. "Nizāmī's next poem was an even more popular lovestory of the Islamic world, Layla and Majnun, of Arabic origin."
↑ electricpulp.com. "LEYLI O MAJNUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2018.
↑ electricpulp.com. "LEYLI O MAJNUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2018.
↑ Bruijn, J. T. P. de; Yarshater, Ehsan (2009) (en ۾). General Introduction to Persian Literature: A History of Persian Literature. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845118860. https://books.google.com/books?id=3E8LAQAAMAAJ&q=Layla+Majnun+%22arabic+story%22.
↑ PhD, Evans Lansing Smith; Brown, Nathan Robert (2008) (en ۾). The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Mythology. Penguin. ISBN 9781101047163. https://books.google.com/books?id=UYdGl8XM8L0C&q=Layla+Majnun+%22arabic+story%22&pg=PA110.
↑ Grose, Anouschka (2011) (en ۾). No More Silly Love Songs: A Realist's Guide To Romance. Granta Publications. ISBN 9781846273544. https://books.google.com/books?id=XoX2r08TGkkC&q=%22arabic+story%22&pg=PT91.
↑ The Posthumous career of Manuel Puig. 1991. p. 758. https://books.google.com/books?id=X_hIAAAAYAAJ.
↑ "أدب .. الموسوعة العالمية للشعر العربي قيس بن الملوح (مجنون ليلى)". وقت 8 July 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 2 March 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
↑ al-hakawati.net/arabic/Civilizations/diwanindex2a4.pdf
↑ "Visions of Azerbaijan Magazine ::: Nizami - Poet for all humanity".
↑ Layli and Majnun: Love, Madness and Mystic Longing, Dr. Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, Brill Studies in Middle Eastern literature, Jun 2003, ISBN 90-04-12942-1. excerpt: Although Majnun was to some extent a popular figure before Nizami's time, his popularity increased dramatically after the appearance of Nizami's romance. By collecting information from both secular and mystical sources about Majnun, Nizami portrayed such a vivid picture of this legendary lover that all subsequent poets were inspired by him, many of them imitated him and wrote their own versions of the romance. As is seen in the following chapters, the poet uses various characteristics deriving from ‘Udhrite love poetry and weaves them into his own Persian culture. In other words, Nizami Persianises the poem by adding several techniques borrowed from the Persian epic tradition, such as the portrayal of characters, the relationship between characters, description of time and setting, etc.
↑ Layli and Majnun: Love, Madness and Mystic Longing, Dr. Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, Brill Studies in Middle Eastern literature, Jun 2003, ISBN 90-04-12942-1. excerpt: Although Majnun was to some extent a popular figure before Nizami's time, his popularity increased dramatically after the appearance of Nizami's romance. By collecting information from both secular and mystical sources about Majnun, Nizami portrayed such a vivid picture of this legendary lover that all subsequent poets were inspired by him, many of them imitated him and wrote their own versions of the romance. As is seen in the following chapters, the poet uses various characteristics deriving from ‘Udhrite love poetry and weaves them into his own Persian culture. In other words, Nizami Persianises the poem by adding several techniques borrowed from the Persian epic tradition, such as the portrayal of characters, the relationship between characters, description of time and setting, etc.
↑ "Arabic literature - Love Poetry, Verse, Romance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. حاصل ڪيل 2024-04-13.
↑ "Why love always hurts in udhri poetry". Middle East Eye. حاصل ڪيل 2024-04-13.
↑ Scroggins, Mark (1996). "Review". African American Review. doi:10.2307/3042384.
↑ Seyed-Gohrab, A. A. "LEYLI O MAJNUN". Encyclopædia Iranica. حاصل ڪيل 7 July 2012.
↑ Badawi, M.M. (1987). Modern Arabic Drama in Egypt. Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780521242226. https://books.google.com/books?id=xUrm9z9OOdkC.

[1] Banipal: Magazine of Modern Iran Literature. 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=ykdjAAAAMAAJ.

[2] Schimmel, Annemarie (2014). A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry. p. 131. "Indeed, the old Arabic love story of Majnun and Layla became a favorite topic among Persian poets."

[3] The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs. 58. 1970. p. 32. https://books.google.com/books?id=rOlHjFjiOJIC. "Nizāmī's next poem was an even more popular lovestory of the Islamic world, Layla and Majnun, of Arabic origin."

[:02-4] tricpulp.com. "LEYLI O MAJNUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2018.

[:03-5] tricpulp.com. "LEYLI O MAJNUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. حاصل ڪيل 14 March 2018.

[6] Bruijn, J. T. P. de; Yarshater, Ehsan (2009) (en ۾). General Introduction to Persian Literature: A History of Persian Literature. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845118860. https://books.google.com/books?id=3E8LAQAAMAAJ&q=Layla+Majnun+%22arabic+story%22.

[7] PhD, Evans Lansing Smith; Brown, Nathan Robert (2008) (en ۾). The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Mythology. Penguin. ISBN 9781101047163. https://books.google.com/books?id=UYdGl8XM8L0C&q=Layla+Majnun+%22arabic+story%22&pg=PA110.

[8] Grose, Anouschka (2011) (en ۾). No More Silly Love Songs: A Realist's Guide To Romance. Granta Publications. ISBN 9781846273544. https://books.google.com/books?id=XoX2r08TGkkC&q=%22arabic+story%22&pg=PT91.

[9] The Posthumous career of Manuel Puig. 1991. p. 758. https://books.google.com/books?id=X_hIAAAAYAAJ.

[10] "أدب .. الموسوعة العالمية للشعر العربي قيس بن الملوح (مجنون ليلى)". وقت 8 July 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 2 March 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)

[11] -hakawati.net/arabic/Civilizations/diwanindex2a4.pdf

[12] "Visions of Azerbaijan Magazine ::: Nizami - Poet for all humanity".

[Ghorab2-13] Layli and Majnun: Love, Madness and Mystic Longing, Dr. Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, Brill Studies in Middle Eastern literature, Jun 2003, ISBN 90-04-12942-1. excerpt: Although Majnun was to some extent a popular figure before Nizami's time, his popularity increased dramatically after the appearance of Nizami's romance. By collecting information from both secular and mystical sources about Majnun, Nizami portrayed such a vivid picture of this legendary lover that all subsequent poets were inspired by him, many of them imitated him and wrote their own versions of the romance. As is seen in the following chapters, the poet uses various characteristics deriving from ‘Udhrite love poetry and weaves them into his own Persian culture. In other words, Nizami Persianises the poem by adding several techniques borrowed from the Persian epic tradition, such as the portrayal of characters, the relationship between characters, description of time and setting, etc.

[Ghorab3-14] Layli and Majnun: Love, Madness and Mystic Longing, Dr. Ali Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, Brill Studies in Middle Eastern literature, Jun 2003, ISBN 90-04-12942-1. excerpt: Although Majnun was to some extent a popular figure before Nizami's time, his popularity increased dramatically after the appearance of Nizami's romance. By collecting information from both secular and mystical sources about Majnun, Nizami portrayed such a vivid picture of this legendary lover that all subsequent poets were inspired by him, many of them imitated him and wrote their own versions of the romance. As is seen in the following chapters, the poet uses various characteristics deriving from ‘Udhrite love poetry and weaves them into his own Persian culture. In other words, Nizami Persianises the poem by adding several techniques borrowed from the Persian epic tradition, such as the portrayal of characters, the relationship between characters, description of time and setting, etc.

[15] "Arabic literature - Love Poetry, Verse, Romance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. حاصل ڪيل 2024-04-13.

[16] "Why love always hurts in udhri poetry". Middle East Eye. حاصل ڪيل 2024-04-13.

[Scroggins_19962-17] Scroggins, Mark (1996). "Review". African American Review. doi:10.2307/3042384.

[Iranica2-18] Seyed-Gohrab, A. A. "LEYLI O MAJNUN". Encyclopædia Iranica. حاصل ڪيل 7 July 2012.

[19] Badawi, M.M. (1987). Modern Arabic Drama in Egypt. Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780521242226. https://books.google.com/books?id=xUrm9z9OOdkC.

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