فريڊرڪ نٽشي

فريڊرڪ نٽشي
فريڊرڪ نٽشي
	; Nietzsche in Basel, Switzerland, ت. 1875
پيدائش	Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche; 15 آڪٽوبر 1844; Röcken, Province of Saxony, Prussia, German Confederation
وفات	25 آگسٽ 1900 (عمر 55 سال); Weimar, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German Empire
مادر علمي	University of Bonn; Leipzig University;
عهد	19th-century philosophy
علائقو	Western philosophy
مڪتبه فڪر	Continental philosophy; Nietzscheanism; Other schools Anti-foundationalism ; Anti-nihilism / nihilism (disputed) ; Atheism ; Dionysianism ; Dionysian pessimism ; Existentialism ; German Romanticism (disputed) ; Immoralism ; Metaphysical voluntarism ; Naturalism ; Perspectivism ; Philosophical realism ; Political realism ;
تعليمي ادارو	University of Basel
شعبه عمل	سانچو:Cslist
اهم نظريا	سانچو:Nothing Amor fati ; Apollonian and Dionysian ; Eternal return ; Fact–value distinction ; Genealogy ; God is dead ; Herd instinct ; Last man ; Master–slave morality ; Nietzschean affirmation ; Nihilism ; Perspectivism ; Ressentiment ; Transvaluation of values ; Tschandala ; Übermensch ; Will to power ;
سڃاڻپ نشان

فريڊرڪ ویلهلم نٽشي؛ (15 آڪٽوبر 1844 – 25 آگسٽ 1900) هڪ جرمن ڪلاسيڪل اسڪالر، فلسفي، ۽ ثقافت جو نقاد هو، جنھن سڀني جديد مفڪرن ۾ هڪ تمام وڏو اثر ڇڏيو^[11]. هن جي مطابق، طاقت انساني معاملن ۾ فيصلائتو عنصر آهي. هن سپرمين جي تصور کي وڌايو^[12].

حوالا

↑ Wilkerson, Dale, "Friedrich Nietzsche", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, آئي ايس ايس اين 2161-0002۔ .
↑ Conant, James F. (2005). "The Dialectic of Perspectivism, I". Sats: Nordic Journal of Philosophy (Philosophia Press) 6 (2): 5–50 One ought to hold on to one's heart; for if one lets it go, one soon loses control of the head too https://everydayshayari.com/emotional-quotes-to-make-you-stronger/. http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/files/conant/The%20Dialectic%20of%20Perspectivism,%20I%20final%20version.pdf. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
↑ Brennan, Katie (2018). "The Wisdom of Silenus: Suffering in The Birth of Tragedy". Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49 (2): 174–193. doi:10.5325/jnietstud.49.2.0174. ISSN 0968-8005.
↑ Dienstag, Joshua F. (2001). "Nietzsche's Dionysian Pessimism". American Political Science Review 95 (4): 923–937.
↑ Perez, Rolando (2015). "Nietzsche's Reading of Cervantes' "Cruel" Humor in Don Quijote". EHumanista 30: 168–175. ISSN 1540-5877. https://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.span.d7_eh/files/sitefiles/ehumanista/volume30/11%20ehum30.perez.pdf. .
↑ Nietzsche self-describes his philosophy as immoralism, see also: Laing, Bertram M. (1915). "The Metaphysics of Nietzsche's Immoralism". The Philosophical Review 24 (4): 386–418. doi:10.2307/2178746.
↑ Schacht, Richard (2012). "Nietzsche's Naturalism". Journal of Nietzsche Studies (Penn State University Press) 43 (2): 185–212. doi:10.5325/jnietstud.43.2.0185.
↑ Conway, Daniel (1999). "Beyond Truth and Appearance: Nietzsche's Emergent Realism". in Babich, Babette E.. Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 204. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 109–122. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2428-9_9. ISBN 978-90-481-5234-6.
↑ Doyle, Tsarina (2005). "Nietzsche's Emerging Internal Realism". Nietzsche on Epistemology and Metaphysics: The World in View. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 81–103. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748628070.003.0003. ISBN 978-0748628070.
↑ Kirkland, Paul E. (2010). "Nietzsche's Tragic Realism". The Review of Politics 72 (1): 55–78. doi:10.1017/S0034670509990969.
↑ "Friedrich Nietzsche | Biography, Books, & Facts | Britannica", www.britannica.com (انگريزي ٻولي ۾), 22 نومبر 2024, حاصل ڪيل 13 ڊسمبر 2024۔
↑ "سُپر مين نظريئي جي خالق “ نٽشي“ تي ڪتاب - فلسفو، سائنس ۽ ادب (مشتاق جروار)", SindhSalamat Kitab Ghar (سنڌي ٻولي ۾), حاصل ڪيل 13 ڊسمبر 2024۔

↑
See, for example:
- "Some interpreters of Nietzsche believe he embraced nihilism, rejected philosophical reasoning, and promoted a literary exploration of the human condition, while not being concerned with gaining truth and knowledge in the traditional sense of those terms. However, other interpreters of Nietzsche say that in attempting to counteract the predicted rise of nihilism, he was engaged in a positive program to reaffirm life, and so he called for a radical, naturalistic rethinking of the nature of human existence, knowledge, and morality."^[1]
- "Nietzsche's increasing determination, however, in his later writings, to avoid philosophical nihilisms of every variety, leads him to wonder whether it might not be possible to achieve an understanding of what fuels the foregoing dialectic of a sort that would allow one to head in an altogether different philosophical direction."^[2]

حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-roman" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-roman"/> نہ مليو

[1] Wilkerson, Dale, "Friedrich Nietzsche", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, آئي ايس ايس اين 2161-0002۔ .

[2] Conant, James F. (2005). "The Dialectic of Perspectivism, I". Sats: Nordic Journal of Philosophy (Philosophia Press) 6 (2): 5–50 One ought to hold on to one's heart; for if one lets it go, one soon loses control of the head too https://everydayshayari.com/emotional-quotes-to-make-you-stronger/. http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/files/conant/The%20Dialectic%20of%20Perspectivism,%20I%20final%20version.pdf. Retrieved 2024-12-13.

[4] Brennan, Katie (2018). "The Wisdom of Silenus: Suffering in The Birth of Tragedy". Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49 (2): 174–193. doi:10.5325/jnietstud.49.2.0174. ISSN 0968-8005.

[5] Dienstag, Joshua F. (2001). "Nietzsche's Dionysian Pessimism". American Political Science Review 95 (4): 923–937.

[Perez2015-6] Perez, Rolando (2015). "Nietzsche's Reading of Cervantes' "Cruel" Humor in Don Quijote". EHumanista 30: 168–175. ISSN 1540-5877. https://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.span.d7_eh/files/sitefiles/ehumanista/volume30/11%20ehum30.perez.pdf. .

[7] Nietzsche self-describes his philosophy as immoralism, see also: Laing, Bertram M. (1915). "The Metaphysics of Nietzsche's Immoralism". The Philosophical Review 24 (4): 386–418. doi:10.2307/2178746.

[8] Schacht, Richard (2012). "Nietzsche's Naturalism". Journal of Nietzsche Studies (Penn State University Press) 43 (2): 185–212. doi:10.5325/jnietstud.43.2.0185.

[9] Conway, Daniel (1999). "Beyond Truth and Appearance: Nietzsche's Emergent Realism". in Babich, Babette E.. Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 204. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 109–122. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2428-9_9. ISBN 978-90-481-5234-6.

[10] Doyle, Tsarina (2005). "Nietzsche's Emerging Internal Realism". Nietzsche on Epistemology and Metaphysics: The World in View. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 81–103. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748628070.003.0003. ISBN 978-0748628070.

[11] Kirkland, Paul E. (2010). "Nietzsche's Tragic Realism". The Review of Politics 72 (1): 55–78. doi:10.1017/S0034670509990969.

[12] "Friedrich Nietzsche | Biography, Books, & Facts | Britannica", www.britannica.com (انگريزي ٻولي ۾), 22 نومبر 2024, حاصل ڪيل 13 ڊسمبر 2024۔

[13] "سُپر مين نظريئي جي خالق “ نٽشي“ تي ڪتاب - فلسفو، سائنس ۽ ادب (مشتاق جروار)", SindhSalamat Kitab Ghar (سنڌي ٻولي ۾), حاصل ڪيل 13 ڊسمبر 2024۔

[3] See, for example:
"Some interpreters of Nietzsche believe he embraced nihilism, rejected philosophical reasoning, and promoted a literary exploration of the human condition, while not being concerned with gaining truth and knowledge in the traditional sense of those terms. However, other interpreters of Nietzsche say that in attempting to counteract the predicted rise of nihilism, he was engaged in a positive program to reaffirm life, and so he called for a radical, naturalistic rethinking of the nature of human existence, knowledge, and morality."^[1]
"Nietzsche's increasing determination, however, in his later writings, to avoid philosophical nihilisms of every variety, leads him to wonder whether it might not be possible to achieve an understanding of what fuels the foregoing dialectic of a sort that would allow one to head in an altogether different philosophical direction."^[2]

[mwARc] "Some interpreters of Nietzsche believe he embraced nihilism, rejected philosophical reasoning, and promoted a literary exploration of the human condition, while not being concerned with gaining truth and knowledge in the traditional sense of those terms. However, other interpreters of Nietzsche say that in attempting to counteract the predicted rise of nihilism, he was engaged in a positive program to reaffirm life, and so he called for a radical, naturalistic rethinking of the nature of human existence, knowledge, and morality."^[1]

[mwARw] "Nietzsche's increasing determination, however, in his later writings, to avoid philosophical nihilisms of every variety, leads him to wonder whether it might not be possible to achieve an understanding of what fuels the foregoing dialectic of a sort that would allow one to head in an altogether different philosophical direction."^[2]

[lower-roman 1]

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