ڪتا (خاندان)

ڪتا (خاندان) Canines; Temporal range: اوليگوسين کان اڃ تائين
	The three extant canine tribes: tribe Canini, the dog-like canines (represented by a black-backed jackal); tribe Vulpini, the fox-like canines (represented by a red fox); and tribe Urocyonini, represented by a gray fox.
سائنسي درجا بندي
Unrecognized taxon (fix):	Caninae
سانچو:Pn
	†Leptocyon; Tribe Urocyonini Urocyon; ; Tribe Canini Subtribe Canina Canis †Xenocyon; ; Cuon; Lupulella; Lycaon; †Cynotherium; †Aenocyon; †Eucyon; †Mececyon; †Megacyon; ; Subtribe Cerdocyonina Atelocynus; Cerdocyon; Chrysocyon; Lycalopex; Speothos; †Dusicyon; †Nurocyon; †Protocyon; †Theriodictis; ; ; Tribe Vulpini Nyctereutes; Otocyon; Vulpes; †Prototocyon; سانچو:ExtinctMetalopex Tedford, Wang, & Taylor 2008; ;

ڪينينائ يا ڪتن جو خاندان (Caninae) جن جا ميمبر ڪينئنز (Canines؛/keɪnaɪnz/) جي نالي سان سڃاتا وڃن ٿا، ڪينيڊائ (Canidae)^[6] ذيلي خاندان ۾ ناپيد ٿيل باروفاگينائ ۽ هسپرو ڪونينائ سان گڏ واحد زنده ذيلي خاندان آهي.^[7] ^[5] اها پهرين ڀيرو اتر آمريڪا ۾، اوليگوسين دور جي دوران تقريباً 35 ملين سال اڳ ظاهر ٿيو، پوء مايوسين دور جي آخر ۾، ڪجهه 7 کان 8 ملين سال اڳ، ايشيا ۽ پراڻي دنيا جي ٻين هنڌن (آفريڪا، يورپ، اوشينيا، وغيره) تي پکڙجي ويا.^[8] ^[7]

فاسل رئنج: اوليگوسين دور کان هالوسين دور تائين
(34 ملين سال اڳ کان اڃ تائين)

حوالا

↑ McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of Mammals above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9.
↑ Lyras, G. A.; van der Geer, A. E.; Dermitzakis, M.; de Vos, J. (2006). "Cynotherium sardous, an insular canid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Pleistocene of Sardinia (Italy), and its origin". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3): 735–745. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[735:CSAICM]2.0.CO;2.
↑ سانچو:MSW3 Wozencraft
↑ Sotnikova, M. (2006). "A new canid Nurocyon chonokhariensis gen. et sp. nov.(Canini, Canidae, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Mongolia". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 256: 11. http://quarter.ginras.ru/personal/sotnikova/docs/sotnikova2006b.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
1 2 Tedford, Richard; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2009/issue-325/574.1/Phylogenetic-Systematics-of-the-North-American-Fossil-Caninae-Carnivora/10.1206/574.1.full.
↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.
1 2 Miklosi, Adam (2015). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford Biology (2 ڇاپو). Oxford University Press. ص. 103–107. ISBN 978-0199545667 – Google Books وسيلي.
↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

^[1]^(pS1)

^[2]

^[3]

^[4]

^[5] </references>

سانچو:Carnivora سانچو:Canidae extinct nav

↑ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf et al. (2015). "Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species". Current Biology 25 (16): 2158–2165. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. PMID 26234211. Bibcode: 2015CBio...25.2158K.
↑ Miklosi, Adam (2015). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford Biology (2 ڇاپو). Oxford University Press. ص. 103–107. ISBN 978-0199545667 – Google Books وسيلي.
↑ Tedford, Richard; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2009/issue-325/574.1/Phylogenetic-Systematics-of-the-North-American-Fossil-Caninae-Carnivora/10.1206/574.1.full.
↑ Wayne, Robert K. (June 1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family". Trends in Genetics 9 (6): 218–224. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. PMID 8337763. http://wooferhouse.net/Links/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily.htm.
↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

[McKennaBell1997-1] McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of Mammals above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9.

[Lyras-2] Lyras, G. A.; van der Geer, A. E.; Dermitzakis, M.; de Vos, J. (2006). "Cynotherium sardous, an insular canid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Pleistocene of Sardinia (Italy), and its origin". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3): 735–745. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[735:CSAICM]2.0.CO;2.

[msw3-3] سانچو:MSW3 Wozencraft

[Sotnikova2006-4] Sotnikova, M. (2006). "A new canid Nurocyon chonokhariensis gen. et sp. nov.(Canini, Canidae, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Mongolia". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 256: 11. http://quarter.ginras.ru/personal/sotnikova/docs/sotnikova2006b.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

[Tedford2009-5] 1 2 Tedford, Richard; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2009/issue-325/574.1/Phylogenetic-Systematics-of-the-North-American-Fossil-Caninae-Carnivora/10.1206/574.1.full.

[wang20082-6] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

[miklosi2015-7] 1 2 Miklosi, Adam (2015). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford Biology (2 ڇاپو). Oxford University Press. ص. 103–107. ISBN 978-0199545667 – Google Books وسيلي.

[wang2008-8] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

[Koepfli2015-9] Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf et al. (2015). "Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species". Current Biology 25 (16): 2158–2165. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. PMID 26234211. Bibcode: 2015CBio...25.2158K.

[miklosi2015-10] Miklosi, Adam (2015). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford Biology (2 ڇاپو). Oxford University Press. ص. 103–107. ISBN 978-0199545667 – Google Books وسيلي.

[Tedford2009-11] Tedford, Richard; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2009/issue-325/574.1/Phylogenetic-Systematics-of-the-North-American-Fossil-Caninae-Carnivora/10.1206/574.1.full.

[wayne1993-12] Wayne, Robert K. (June 1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family". Trends in Genetics 9 (6): 218–224. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. PMID 8337763. http://wooferhouse.net/Links/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily.htm.

[wang2008-13] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]