مواد ڏانھن هلو

ڊچ ٻولي

ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو
کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
ڊچ ٻولي
Dutch
ولنديزي ٻولي
Nederlands
اچار nl
ٻولي جو وطن
نسل
  • ولنديزي
  • فليمنگس
  • انڊو
  • آفريڪن
  • ڪيپ جا رنگدار
  • ڪيپ جا ملائي
  • گريڪا
  • اورلام
  • بيسٽرز
ٻولي ڳالهائيندڙ
2 ڪروڙ 50 لک (2021ع)[1]
ڪل (L1+L2): ٽي ڪروڙ (2021)[2] [3]
هند۔يورپي
  • جرمن ٻوليون
    • اولهه جرمن ٻوليون
      • ويسر-رائن جرمن ٻوليون
        • هيٺيايون فرانڪوني ٻوليون
          • ڊچ ٻولي
            Dutch
پراڻيون صورتون
فرينڪي ٻوليون
  • پراڻي ڊچ
    • وچين ڊچ ٻولي
      • جديد ڊچ
معياري صورتون
 {{{معيار}}}
لھجو *مرڪزي ڊچ
  • فليمش ڊچ
  • اسٽاڊفريز
  • اولهائين فريسيئن ڊچ
اشارن واري ڊچ (NmG)
سرڪاري حيثيت
سرڪاري ٻولي وغيره
ريگيوليٽر Nederlandse Taalunie (نيدرلينڊز ٽالوني)
(ڊچ ٻولي جي يونين)
ٻولي جا ڪوڊ
ISO 639-1 nl
ISO 639-2 dut (B)
nld (T)
ISO 639-3 nld Dutch/Flemish
گلوٽولوگ mode1257[4]
لنگاسفيئر 52-ACB-a
Dutch-speaking world (included are areas of daughter language Afrikaans)
Distribution of Standard Dutch in Europe
Dark blue where a majority language, light blue for Brussels, Friesland and Low Franconian dialects in France and Germany
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
A young woman speaking Dutch (1:32)

ڊچ ٻولي يا ولنديزي ٻولي (Dutch؛ اختياري نالو: Nederlands، ندرلانتس)، هند-يورپي ٻولي خاندان جي هڪ اولهائين جرمنڪ ٻولي آهي جن کي لڳ ڀڳ ٻه ڪروڙ پنجاھ لک (25 ملين) ماڻهو پهرين ٻولي طور ۽ 50 لک (5 ملين) ٻي ٻولي طور ڳالهائين ٿا ۽ اها ٽئين سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳالهائيندڙ جرمنڪ ٻولي آهي. يورپ ۾ ڊچ ٻولي هالينڊ ۽ فلانڊرز، جيڪا بيلجيم جي آبادي جو 60 سيڪڙو آهن، جي اڪثريت جي مادري ٻولي آهي. سال 1925 تائين، ڊچ ٻولي ڏکڻ آفريڪا جي سرڪاري ٻولين مان هڪ هئي، پوء آفريڪن ٻولي، ڊچ ٻولي جي هڪ الڳ پر جزوي طور تي باهمي طور تي سمجھڻ واري ڌيءَ ٻولي، کي هن جي جاء تي اها درجو ڏنو ويو. آفريڪن ٻولي کي استعمال ٿيل تعريف تي منحصر ڪندي، هڪ ڀيڻ ٻولي سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، جن کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هڪ ڪروڙ 60 لک (16 ملين) ماڻهن، خاص طور تي ڏکڻ آفريڪا ۽ نميبيا ۾ ڳالهائڻ ٿا ۽ اها ڪيپ جي ڊچ ٻولين مان ترقي ڪئي آهي.

Dutch (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. nl) is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language[5] and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language. In Europe, Dutch is the native language of most of the population of the Netherlands and Flanders (which includes 60% of the population of Belgium).[2][3] Dutch was one of the official languages of South Africa until 1925, when it was replaced by Afrikaans, a separate but partially mutually intelligible daughter language[6] of Dutch.[lower-alpha 1] Afrikaans, depending on the definition used, may be considered a sister language,[7] spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia,[lower-alpha 2] and evolving from Cape Dutch dialects.

In South America, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and spoken as a second or third language in the multilingual Caribbean island countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. All these countries have recognised Dutch as one of their official languages, and are involved in one way or another in the Dutch Language Union.[8] The Dutch Caribbean municipalities (St. Eustatius, Saba and Bonaire) have Dutch as one of the official languages.[9] In Asia, Dutch was used in the Dutch East Indies (now mostly Indonesia) by a limited educated elite of around 2% of the total population, including over 1 million indigenous Indonesians,[10] until it was banned in 1957, but the ban was lifted afterwards.[11] About a fifth of the Indonesian language can be traced to Dutch, including many loan words.[11] Indonesia's Civil Code has not been officially translated, and the original Dutch language version dating from colonial times remains the authoritative version.[12] Up to half a million native speakers reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined,[lower-alpha 3] and historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France[13] and Germany.[lower-alpha 4]

Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English,[lower-alpha 5] and is colloquially said to be "roughly in between" them.[lower-alpha 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including most of its case system.[lower-alpha 7] Features shared with German, however, include the survival of two to three grammatical genders – albeit with few grammatical consequences[lower-alpha 8] – as well as the use of modal particles,[14] final-obstruent devoicing, and (similar) word order.[lower-alpha 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic; it incorporates slightly more Romance loans than German, but far fewer than English.[lower-alpha 10]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ سانچو:Ethnologue19
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 European Commission (2006), "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)", Europa, اصل کان Feb 21, 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 3 فيبروري 2007۔  "1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." (page 153).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Dutch", Languages at Leicester, University of Leicester, اصل کان 2 مئي 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 1 جولاءِ 2014۔ 
  4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). "Modern Dutch". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mode1257. 
  5. ↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Feiten
  6. ↑ Wouden, Ton van der (2012-06-27) (en ۾). Roots of Afrikaans: Selected writings of Hans den Besten. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 258. ISBN 978-90-272-7382-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=QuDApplN_AoC&pg=PA258. 
  7. ↑ Kirsner, Robert S. (2014-02-15) (en ۾). Qualitative-Quantitative Analyses of Dutch and Afrikaans Grammar and Lexicon. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 1. ISBN 978-90-272-7104-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=oaPPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1. 
  8. ↑ "Taalunie", taalunie.org (ٻولي ۾ ڊچ), اصل کان 5 جنوري 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 اپريل 2024۔ 
  9. ↑ Netherlands, Statistics (04 اپريل 2019), "Caribbean Netherlands; Spoken languages and main language, characteristics", Statistics Netherlands (ٻولي ۾ en-GB), اصل کان 19 آڪٽوبر 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 اپريل 2024۔ 
  10. ↑ Groeneboer, K (1993) Weg tot het westen. Het Nederlands voor Indie 1600–1950. Publisher: KITLEV, Leiden.[1]
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Maier 2005.
  12. ↑ Lindsey, Tim; Butt, Simon (2018-09-06) (en ۾). Indonesian Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 307. ISBN 978-0-19-166556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=sB5pDwAAQBAJ&dq=dutch%20language%20in%20nowadays%20Indonesia&pg=PA307. 
  13. ↑ Willemyns, Roland (2002). "Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border". in Jeanine Treffers-Daller, Roland Willemyns. Journal of multilingual and multicultural development. Multilingual Matters. pp. 4. ISBN 1853596272. https://books.google.com/books?id=H7VcdGI20FkC&pg=PA4. Retrieved March 19, 2023. 
  14. ↑ "A Guide to Dutch – 10 facts about the Dutch language", Languages, BBC, 2014, اصل کان 2 ڊسمبر 2019 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 20 ڊسمبر 2019۔ 

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
Search Wikipedia وڪيپيڊيا، آزاد ڄاڻ چيڪلو ڊچ ٻولي ۾
Find out more on Wikipedia's
ٻيا منصوبا
ميڊيا
from ڪامنز
سفري رهنما
from وڪي سفر
تعريفون
from وڪي لغت
تعليمي مواد
from وڪيورسٽي


حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو

"https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ڊچ_ٻولي&oldid=335994" تان ورتل