ڊولفن
| ڊولفن Dolphins | |
|---|---|
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| هڪ عام بوتل نڪ واري (bottlenose) ڊولفن (ٽرسيوپس ٽرنڪيٽس) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Groups included | |
| Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa | |
ڊولفن (Dolphin)، 40 موجوده آبي ٿڻ وارين قسمن (سامونڊي مماليا جي خاندانن ۾ ڊيلفينيڊائي: سامونڊي ڊولفن؛ پلاٽانسٽيڊائي: سنڌو درياهه جي ڊولفن؛ انيڊائي: آمريڪي دريائي ڊولفن؛ پونٽوپوريڊائي: لوڻا ڊولفن ۽ شايد ختم ٿيل لپوٽيڊائي: بائجي يا چيني دريائي ڊولفن) مان ڪا به هڪ آهي. اهي سڀئي خاندان سپر آرڊر اوڊونٽوسيٽي (ڏند واري وهيل) سان تعلق رکن ٿا. جنهن ۾ ويجهي سان لاڳاپيل خاندان مونوڊونٽڊائي (بيلوگا ۽ ناروهيل) ۽ فوڪونڊائي (پورپوز)، انهي سان گڏ وڌيڪ ذيلي خاندان فزيٽيروڊيا (سپرم وهيل) ۽ زفيڊي (چونچ واري وهيل) پڻ شامل آهن.
ڊولفن جي سائيز انسان جي سائيز واري 1.7 ميٽر (5 فوٽ 7 انچ) ڊگهي ۽ 50 ڪلوگرام (111 پائونڊ) تائين وزن واري، مائوئي جي ڊولفن کان 9.5 ميٽر (31 فوٽ) ۽ 10 ٽن واري، اورڪا تائين هوندي آهي. ڊولفن جون مختلف جنسون جنسي ڊمورفيزم جو مظاهرو ڪن ٿيون. جتي نر مادين کان وڏا آهن. انهن وٽ سڌريل، مڇيءَ جهڙا جسم آهن جن جا ٻه اڳيان هٿ ڦڦڙن ۾ تبديل ٿي ويا آهن، پوئين عضون جو مڪمل نقصان (صرف ويسٽيجيل پيلوڪ اسڪيلٽن سان) ۽ پڇ هڪ افقي فلوڪ ٺاهيندي آهي، جيڪا نيم آبي سيل وانگر لچڪدار نه آهي، پر اها پاڻي ۾ تيز ۽ وڌيڪ چست آهن؛ ڪجهه ڊولفن مختصر طور تي 29 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ (18 ميل في ڪلاڪ) جي رفتار سان سفر ڪري سگهن ٿيون يا تقريباً 9 ميٽر (30 فوٽ) ڊگهو ٽپو ڏئي سگهن ٿيون.[1]
Dolphins use their conical teeth to capture fast-moving prey such as forage fish, coleoids and shrimps. They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and water; so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. Like other aquatic mammals, they have a thick layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue, i.e. blubber, to keep the body warm in the cold water.
Dolphins are widespread, mostly in pelagic marine environments but some thrive in brackish and freshwater bodies. Most species prefer the warm waters of the tropic zones, but some, such as the right whale dolphin, prefer colder climates. Like most nektonic animals, dolphins are carnivorous, feed largely on fish and squid, but a few large-bodied dolphins, such as the orca, prey upon larger marine animals such as seals, other dolphins and porpoises, large bluewater fish such as sharks, billfish and bluefin tuna, and sometimes even seabirds. Male dolphins typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively long period of time.
Dolphins are highly social animals living in complex "fission-fusion" societies, forming fluid groups (i.e. pods) that constantly change in size and composition. Like whales, dolphins produce a variety of vocalizations, usually in the form of high-pitched clicks and whistles, and are very keen with echolocation.
While relatively uncommon compared to whaling, dolphins are sometimes hunted in places such as Japan[2] and parts of Latin America (where it is referred to as chancho marino, meaning "sea pork", in Peru[3]), in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, ghost net entanglement, habitat loss and marine pollution. Due to their grace and high intelligence, dolphins feature prominently in various cultures worldwide, such as in art or folklore. Dolphins are sometimes kept in captivity within dolphinariums for research, conservation or to be trained to perform tricks in marine mammal parks; the most common dolphin species in captivity is the bottlenose dolphin, while there are also around 60 orcas in captivity.
تفصيل
[سنواريو]ڊولفن (Dolphin) هڪ عام نالو آهي، جيڪو ڪجهه آبي (دريائي ۽ سامونڊي ممالين) جي ڪليڊ اوڊونٽوسيٽي ۽ ڏندن واري وهيل لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. ڊولفن سامونڊي ڊولفن خاندان (ڊيلفينيڊائي) ۽ گڏوگڏ دريائي ڊولفن جي خاندانن (پلاٽانسٽيڊائي: سنڌو درياهه جي ڊولفن؛ انيڊائي: نئين دنيا جي دريائي ڊولفن؛ پونٽوپوريڊي: بريڪش واٽر ڊولفن) ۽ شايد ختم ٿيل لپوٽيڊائي (بائيجي يا چيني دريائي ڊولفن) سان تعلق رکن ٿيون. ڊولفن جي نالي سان 40 نوعون هن وقت موجود آهن.
حوالا
[سنواريو]- ↑ Grady, John M.; Maitner, Brian S.; Winter, Ara S.; Kaschner, Kristin; Tittensor, Derek P.; Record, Sydne; Smith, Felisa A.; Wilson, Adam M. et al. (2019-01-24). "Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators". Science 363 (6425). doi:. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30679341.
- ↑ McCurry, Justin (2009-09-14). "Dolphin slaughter turns sea red as Japan hunting season returns". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/14/dolphin-slaughter-hunting-japan-taiji.
- ↑ Hall, Kevin G. (2003). "Dolphin meat widely available in Peruvian stores: Despite protected status, 'sea pork' is popular fare". The Seattle Times. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Dolphin+meat+widely+available+in+Peruvian+stores+Despite+protected...-a0102897976.[مئل ڳنڍڻو]