مواد ڏانھن هلو

پيراسيٽامول

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
سانچو:Infobox drug/title
Names
PronunciationParacetamol: /ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/
Acetaminophen: Listeni/əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəf[unsupported input]n/
Trade namesTylenol, Panadol, others[1]
Other namesسانچو:Infobox drug/localINNvariants
  • N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Clinical data
Drug classAnalgesics, antipyretics
Main usesFever, mild pain[2]
Side effectsGenerally safe at recommended doses[3]
WHO AWaReScript error: No such module "WDfetch".
Pregnancy
category		سانچو:Infobox drug/pregnancy category
Routes of
use		By mouth, through the cheek, rectal, intravenous (IV)
Onset of actionPain relief onset by route:
By mouth – 37 minutes[4]
Buccal – 15 minutes[4]
Intravenous – 8 minutes[4]
Defined daily dose3 g (by mouth, injection, rectal)[5]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comسانچو:Drugs.com
MedlinePlusa681004
Legal
dataسانچو:Infobox drug/licence
Legal statusسانچو:Infobox drug/legal status
Pharmacokinetics
Bioavailability63–89%[6]:73
Protein binding10–25%[7]
MetabolismPredominantly in the liver[8]
MetabolitesAPAP gluc, APAP sulfate, APAP GSH, APAP cys, NAPQI[9]
Elimination half-life2–2.5 hours[10]
ExcretionUrine (85–90%)[8]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
PubChem SID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ATC code
Chemical and physical data
Formulaسانچو:Infobox drug/chemical formula
Molar massسانچو:Chem molar mass
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.263 g/cm3
Melting point169 °C (336 °F) [11][12]
Boiling point420 °C (788 °F)
Solubility in water
  • 7.21 g/kg (0 °C)[13]
  • 8.21 g/kg (5 °C)[13]
  • 9.44 g/kg (10 °C)[13]
  • 10.97 g/kg (15 °C)[13]
  • 12.78 g/kg (20 °C)[13]
  • ~14 mg/ml (20 °C)
  • CC(=O)Nc1ccc(O)cc1

سانچو:Infobox drug/maintenance categories

پيراسيٽامول ، ايسيٽامنوفين جي نالي سان پڻ سڃاتو وڃي ٿو ، هڪ دوا آهي جيڪا درد ۽ بخار جي علاج لاءِ استعمال ڪئي ويندي آهي.[14][15] اهو عام طور تي هلڪي کان وچولي درد جي رليف لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي.[14] ٻارن ۾ بخار کي گهٽائڻ لاءِ ان جي استعمال جا ثبوت مليا آهن.[16][17] اهو اڪثر ڪري ٻين دوائن سان گڏ وڪرو ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ ڪيترين ئي ٿڌي دوائن ۾.[14] پيراسيٽامول کي سخت درد لاءِ پڻ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ ڪينسر جي درد ۽ سرجري کان پوءِ جو درد، اوپيئوڊ درد جي دوا سان گڏ.[18] اهو عام طور تي يا ته وات ذريعي يا ملاشي ذريعي استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، پر اهو رڳ ۾ انجيڪشن ذريعي پڻ موجود آهي.[14][19]اثرات ٻن ۽ چئن ڪلاڪن جي وچ ۾ رهندا آهن.[19]

پيراسيٽامول عام طور تي سفارش ڪيل دوائن تي محفوظ آهي.[3][20] بالغ لاءِ سفارش ڪيل وڌ ۾ وڌ روزاني خوراک ٽي کان چار گرام آهي.[21][22][20] وڌيڪ مقدار زهر جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿي، جنهن ۾ جگر جي ناڪامي شامل آهي.[14] چمڙي تي سنگين خارش تمام گهٽ ٿي سگهن ٿا.[14] اهو حمل دوران ۽ کير پيارڻ دوران محفوظ نظر اچي ٿو.[14] جگر جي بيماري وارن ماڻهن ۾، اهو اڃا تائين استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو، پر گهٽ مقدار ۾.[23] ان کي هڪ هلڪي درد جي دوا طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويو آهي.[19] ان ۾ ڪا خاص سوزش مخالف سرگرمي ناهي.[24] اهو ڪيئن ڪم ڪري ٿو اهو مڪمل طور تي واضح ناهي.[24][25][26]

پيراسيٽامول پهريون ڀيرو 1877 ۾ ٺاهيو ويو هو.[27] اهو آمريڪا ۽ يورپ ٻنهي ۾ درد ۽ بخار لاءِ سڀ کان وڌيڪ استعمال ٿيندڙ دوا آهي.[28] اهو عالمي صحت تنظيم جي ضروري دوائن جي فهرست تي آهي.[29] پيراسيٽامول هڪ عام دوا جي طور تي موجود آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽائلينول ۽ پيناڊول سميت برانڊ نالا شامل آهن.[30] ترقي پذير دنيا ۾ ٿوڪ قيمت في خوراک US$0.01 کان گهٽ آهي.[31] آمريڪا ۾، ان جي قيمت في خوراک تقريباً US$0.04 آهي.[32] 2017 ۾، اها آمريڪا ۾ 25 هين سڀ کان وڌيڪ عام طور تي تجويز ڪيل دوا هئي، جنهن ۾ 24 ملين کان وڌيڪ نسخا هئا.[33][34]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ سانچو:Drugs.com
  2. ↑ "PARACETAMOL = ACETAMINOPHEN injectable - Essential drugs". medicalguidelines.msf.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2020. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 28 August 2021, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  3. 1 2 "Evidence on the use of paracetamol in febrile children". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 81 (5): 367–72. 2003. ISSN 0042-9686. PMID 12856055.
  4. 1 2 3 "Buccal acetaminophen provides fast analgesia: two randomized clinical trials in healthy volunteers". Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 8: 1621–1627. September 2014. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S63476. PMID 25302017. "bAPAP has a faster time of antinociception onset (15 minutes, P<0.01) and greater antinociception at 50 minutes (P<0.01, CT1) and 30 minutes (P<0.01, CT2) than ivAPAP and sAPAP. All routes are similar after 50 minutes. ... In postoperative conditions for acute pain of mild to moderate intensity, the quickest reported time to onset of analgesia with APAP is 8 minutes9 for the iv route and 37 minutes6 for the oral route.".
  5. ↑ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 2 October 2020, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ↑ (PDF) Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence (4th ed.). Melbourne: Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA), Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM). 2015. ISBN 978-0-9873236-7-5. http://fpm.anzca.edu.au/documents/apmse4_2015_final. Retrieved 28 October 2019. آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 31 July 2019 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 31 July 2019, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ↑ "Tylenol, Tylenol Infants' Drops (acetaminophen) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 14 April 2014, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. 1 2 "Codapane Forte Paracetamol and codeine phosphate product information" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Alphapharm Pty Limited. 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2014. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 6 February 2016, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  9. ↑ "Acetaminophen Pathway (therapeutic doses), Pharmacokinetics". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016. آرڪائيو ڪاپي, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ↑ Wong A, Graudins A (2017). "Risk prediction of hepatotoxicity in paracetamol poisoning.". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 55: 879–892. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1317349. PMID 28447858.
  11. ↑ "General Melting Point Prediction Based on a Diverse Compound Data Set and Artificial Neural Networks". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 45 (3): 581–590. 2005. doi:10.1021/ci0500132. PMID 15921448.
  12. ↑ "melting point data for paracetamol". Lxsrv7.oru.edu. Retrieved 19 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) آرڪائيو ڪاپي, retrieved 7 October 2025 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Solubility of paracetamol in pure solvents". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 44 (6): 1391–95. 1999. doi:10.1021/je990124v.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Acetaminophen". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  15. ↑ Lee, WM (December 2017). "Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away?". Journal of Hepatology 67 (6): 1324–1331. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.005. PMID 28734939.
  16. ↑ "Paracetamol for treating fever in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003676. 2002. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003676. PMID 12076499.
  17. ↑ "Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management". Pain and Therapy 4 (2): 149–168. 2015. doi:10.1007/s40122-015-0040-z. PMID 26518691.
  18. ↑ Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (2008). "6.1 and 7.1.1". Guideline 106: Control of pain in adults with cancer. Scotland: National Health Service (NHS). ISBN 9781905813384. http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN106.pdf.
  19. 1 2 3 Hochhauser, Daniel (2014). Cancer and its Management. John Wiley & Sons. p. 119. ISBN 9781118468715. https://books.google.com/books?id=CXjDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA119.
  20. 1 2 "Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials.". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 350: h1225. 31 March 2015. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1225. PMID 25828856.
  21. ↑ "Paracetamol for adults: painkiller to treat aches, pains and fever". National Health Service. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  22. ↑ "What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children?". Medscape. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  23. ↑ "Review article: prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis - a practical guide". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 37 (12): 1132–56. June 2013. doi:10.1111/apt.12324. PMID 23638982.
  24. 1 2 McKay, Gerard A.; Walters, Matthew R. (2013). "Non-Opioid Analgesics". Lecture Notes Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 9781118344897. https://books.google.com/books?id=OGOqcfN_Cc8C&pg=PT353. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  25. ↑ "Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity.". Pharmacological Research 109: 119–31. July 2016. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.020. PMID 26921661.
  26. ↑ "Aspirin, NSAID, and Acetaminophen Use and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer". Cancer Research 68 (7): 2507–2513. 2008. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6257. PMID 18381460.
  27. ↑ Mangus, Brent C.; Miller, Michael G. (2005). Pharmacology application in athletic training. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: F.A. Davis. p. 39. ISBN 9780803620278. https://books.google.com/books?id=tV72AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA39. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  28. ↑ Aghababian, Richard V. (22 October 2010). Essentials of emergency medicine. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 814. ISBN 978-1-4496-1846-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=HnbKaRQAXOIC&pg=PA814.
  29. ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  30. ↑ Hamilton, Richard J. (2013). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition (27th ed.). Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 12. ISBN 9781449665869. https://books.google.com/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&pg=PA12.
  31. ↑ "Paracetamol". Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  32. ↑ "Acetaminophen prices, coupons and patient assistance programs". Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  34. ↑ "Acetaminophen Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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