مواد ڏانھن هلو

پاڪستان جا قيمتي پٿر

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
پاڪستان ۾ مختلف قسمن جا پکراج ملن ٿا.
پهرين قطار: گلابي پکراج، ڪوگنيڪ رنگ جو پکراج، هلڪو گلابي پکراج ڪرسٽل جنهن ۾ ميٽرڪس تي ڪارو ترملين آهي.
ٻي قطار: ناياب جامني پکراج، البائيٽ تي شيمپين رنگ جو پکراج، ناياب پکراج ۽ سائو هائيڊروڪسيلهرڊرائيٽ ميٽرڪس.
ٽئين قطار: قدرتي طور تي ڪٽيل پکراج، شعاع ٿيل نيرو پکراج، ميٽرڪس تي اڇو پکراج
خيبر پختونخواه جي مردان ضلعي جي علائقي، ڪٽلانگ مان هڪ ميٽرڪس تي ناياب جامني-فالسائي پکراج [1]

پاڪستان ۾ قيمتي پٿرن جا ڪيترائي قسم موجود آهن. اها ملڪ جي ٽن جبلن جي سلسلن - هندوڪش، هماليه ۽ قراقرم ۾، خيبر پختونخوا، گلگت بلتستان، بلوچستان ۽ وفاق جي انتظام هيٺ قبائلي علائقن ۾ ملي سگهن ٿا. پاڪستان ۾ قيمتي پٿرن جي صنعت جو مرڪز پشاور شهر آهي ۽ هتان ڪيتريون ئي ڪمپنيون ڪم ڪري رهيون آهن.

صنعت

[سنواريو]

سال 1979ع ۾، پاڪستان ۾ قيمتي پٿرن جي شعبي کي ترقي ڏيڻ لاءِ جيمز اسٽونز ڪارپوريشن آف پاڪستان قائم ڪئي وئي هئي، پر سال 1997ع ۾ ڪارپوريشن ختم ٿي وئي. هاڻي هن شعبي ۾ ڪيتريون ئي تنظيمون ڪم ڪري رهيون آهن جن ۾ آل پاڪستان ڪمرشل ايڪسپورٽرز ايسوسيئيشن آف رف اينڊ ان پالشڊ پريشس اينڊ سيمي پريشس اسٽونز (APCEA) ۽ پاڪستان جيمز اينڊ جيولري ڊولپمينٽ ڪمپني (PGJDC) شامل آهن. پاڪستان جيمز اينڊ منرل شو سال 1994ع کان هر سال پشاور ۾ منعقد ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ جڏهن ته، ان کي امڪاني بين الاقوامي خريد ڪندڙن کان گهڻو ڌيان نه مليو آهي. جيمز

قيمتي پٿرن جون مارڪيٽون

[سنواريو]

قيمتي پٿرن جون ٽيسٽنگ ليبارٽريون

[سنواريو]

پاڪستان جي حڪومت پاڪستان ۾ قيمتي پٿر جي واپار کي فروغ ڏيڻ لاءِ پاڪستان جي وڏن شهرن ۾ قيمتي پٿر جي سڃاڻپ ليبارٽريون قائم ڪيون آهن. هن مقصد لاءِ، پاڪستان جيمز اينڊ جيولري ڊولپمينٽ ڪمپني لاهور، ڪراچي، پشاور، ڪوئيٽا، گلگت، مظفر آباد ۽ سرگوڌا شهرن ۾ ڪم ڪري رهي آهي جتي قيمتي پٿر جي واپار جو وڏو حصو موجود آهي. پاڪستان جيمز اينڊ جيولري ڊولپمينٽ ڪمپني جي شروعات کان وٺي، پاڪستان ۾ قيمتي پٿر جي واپار ۾ وڏي ترقي ڏسڻ ۾ آئي آهي. لاهور، ڪراچي ۽ پشاور ۾ قيمتي پٿر جي سڃاڻپ جون ڪجهه خانگي ليبارٽريون پڻ آهن، جنهن جي ليبارٽرين ۾ قابليت وارا جواهريءَ جا ماهر ڪم ڪري رهيا آهن.

کان کني جا علائقا

[سنواريو]

Pakistan's western and northern areas are home to three mountain ranges - Hindukush, Himalaya, and Karakorum - which are home to all the minerals found in Pakistan. Some of the major mining areas along with their main gemstone yields are mentioned below:

خيبر پختونخوا

[سنواريو]

The province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has three large mountain ranges: Hindukush covers the area to north and north-west, Karakoram to the north and north-east, and Himalayas to the east.[2] According to Bureau of Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2568 tonnes of baryte and 85 tonnes of corundum were produced in 2005-2006 and 1416 tonnes of quartz was produced in 2006–2007 in the province.[3] According to one source, Swat has reserves of 70 million carats of emerald, Mardan has reserves of 9 million carats of pink topaz and Kohistan has 10 million carats worth of reserves of peridot.[4]

Region Image Gemstones Notes Ref
Swat Emerald, quartz, and epidote Various types of quartz are found in the region. The image shows a specimen of aquamarine and emerald on quartz from Swat valley. [5]
Dir Corundum and quartz The image shows pink and purple crystals of corundum. [5]
Mansehra Corundum and smoky quartz The image shows aquamarine on smokey quartz. [5]
Kohistan Peridot The image shows a cluster of lime-green peridot crystals from Soppat in Kohistan. [5]
Peshawar District Quartz, xenotime, and bastnaesite Quartz from the region include Astrophyllite and Riebeckite fibers. The image shows bastnaesite crystal infused with rutile. [5]

قبائلي علائقا

[سنواريو]

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas are strategically located between the Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.[6] The region is mostly dry and barren with hilly northern Bajaur and Mohmand agencies. In the central agencies of Khyber, Kurram, and Orakzai, the Safed Koh range is located while in the two southern agencies of Waziristan, the Sulaiman range along with Waziristan hills are located.[7] A large variety of minerals and gemstones are found in these mountains: emerald and tourmaline are found in the north, and garnet and quartz are found in the Bajaur and South Waziristan agencies. Department of Minerals is the government department working for the exploration and development of the mining industry in the region. According to their report, 29759 tons of quartz was produced in Mohmand agency in 2003–2004. However, the gemstone sector in the region is not developed and many resources have not been properly identified and exploited.[8]

Region Image Gemstones Notes Ref
Mohmand Agency Emerald, clinozoisite, sphene, and epidote The image shows a light olive green coloured sphene (titanite) with epidote on calcite matrix. [5]
Bajaur Agency Emerald, garnet, and scapolite The image shows garnet and muscovite on mica matrix. [5]
Khyber Agency Quartz, xenotime, and bastnaesite Quartz found in the region include astrophyllite and reibeckite fibers. The image shows a bastnaesite crystal with reddish hue from Mulla Ghori in Khyber agency. [5]
Waziristan Quartz Various types of quartz include faden quartz, diamond quartz, phantom quartz, quartz with chlorite, and window quartz. The image shows a muddy brown coloured specimen of window quartz from South Waziristan. [5]

گلگت بلتستان

[سنواريو]

The three mountain ranges of Gilgit-Baltistan; Himalayas, Hindukush, and Karakoram contain many minerals and gems including emerald, ruby, sapphire, aquamarine, moonstone, and amethyst. A number of other minerals are also found in the region such as peridot, tourmaline, topaz, garnet, red spinal, pargasite, diopside, sphene, apatite, azurite, rose quartz, and agate.[1] In Swat, pale green to green coloured emeralds can be found in talc-carbonate schist. In Hunza, well formed pink to red crystals of ruby are found, while in Neelum valley high quality rubies also occur.[1]

Region Image Gemstones Notes Ref
Chilas
Alluvial diopside, zircon, rutile quartz, aquamarine, and tourmaline The image shows a pyramidal reddish-orange zircon crystal from Chilas. [5]
Gilgit and Shigar
Aquamarine, topaz, emerald, ruby, pollucite, rutile quartz, morganite, apatite, spinel, and pargasite Golden and white topaz are found in the region. The image shows rare pink apatite with albite from Nagar Valley. [5]
Bulachi, Shengus, Stak Nala, and Tormiq Nala
Aquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, apatite, sphene, morganite, and quartz Image shows deep purple apatite from Shengus. [5]
Shigar Proper
Apatite, zoisite, rutile quartz, epidote, and morganite The image shows pastel-pink apatite with quartz from Shigar. [5]
Childee, Kashmal, and Yuno (Shigar valley)
Aquamarine, emerald-coloured tourmaline, apatite, morganite, topaz, and quartz The image shows aquamarine cluster from the area. [5]
Testun, Dassu, Net Tahirabad, and Goyungo Topaz, aquamarine, tourmaline, morganite, apatite, quartz, and emerald Golden coloured Topaz of high quality is found here. Rare earth minerals are also found. [5]
Appu Aligund, Fuljo, Braldu, Bashu, and Karma Tourmaline, aquamarine, garnets, diopside, ruby, pargasite, emerald, topaz, amethyst, scheelite, and quartz Image shows aquamarine with schorl from Braldu valley. [5]
Khaplu, Ghanche District Aquamarine, amethyst, and quartz Fine quality golden rutile quartz is found here. Image shows rare specimen of quartz with calcite and actinolite. [5]

District Nagar Aquamarine Quartz, Topaz, Garnet and many more

بلوچستان

[سنواريو]

Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by area and is covered by rough terrain and rugged mountain ranges. Major mountain ranges of the province include Makran, Sulaiman, Toba Kakar, and Kirthar.[9] The main gemstones that are traded in the region include emerald, apatite, sapphire, agate, tourmaline, ruby, topaz, turquoise, lapis lazuli, quartz, garnet, and peridot.[10]

Region Image Gemstones Notes Ref
Kharan District Brookite, anatase, and quartz The image shows striated anatase crystals (in black), brookite blade and quartz crystals covering a feldspar matrix from Kharan. [5]
Chaman Quartz Various types of quartz found are diamond, window, quartz on prehnite, and faden. Image shows translucent light sea-foam green prehnite with quartz crystals. [5]
Taftan Quartz and brookite The image shows a large specimen of quartz crystals on brookite from Taftan.
Chagai
Malachite, azurite, garnet, zircon, obsidian, lapis lazuli, and brookite The image shows fine quality brookite on quartz. [4]
Panjgur Auriferous quartz The image shows quartz crystals with epidote. [4]
Kalat Brown garnet and fluorite [4]
Qilla Abdullah Aragonite [4]
Loralai Amethyst [4]

پڻ ڏسو

[سنواريو]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. 1 2 3 "Gems of Gilgit Baltistan", Tourism Department, Govt. of Gilgit Baltistan, اصل کان 18 October 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 24 September 2012۔
  2. ↑ "Magic Mountains", Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, اصل کان 22 September 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  3. ↑ "District-wise Mineral Production in KP", Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, اصل کان 12 September 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Treasures of Pakistan", UTrade, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pala
  6. ↑ "FATA", FATA Government, اصل کان 18 September 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  7. ↑ "Physical Features and Climate", FATA Government, اصل کان 20 September 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  8. ↑ "Department of Minerals", Govt. of FATA, اصل کان 3 July 2014 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  9. ↑ "About Balochistan", Govt. of Balochistan, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔
  10. ↑ "Treasures of Balochistan", pgjdc.org, اصل کان 26 October 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 September 2012۔

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
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