مواد ڏانھن هلو

پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي
Pacific Community

Location of the Pacific Community
هيڊ ڪوارٽر جو هنڌنوميا، نيو ڪيليڊونيا
رڪنیت
27 ملڪ ۽ علائقا
حڪومت
• نمائندن جي ڪميٽي
سالياني چيئر روٽيشن
• ڊائريڪٽر جنرل
ٽونگا پاولا ويولي
قیام
• ڏکڻ پئسفڪ ڪميشن جي حيثيت سان
1947ع
• پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي جي حيثيت سان
2016ع
معياري وقت
12 ٽائيم زونز
ویب سائيٽ
spc.int/

پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي (Pacific Community)، جيڪو اڳ ۾ سائوٿ پئسفڪ ڪميشن (SPC) هو، هڪ بين الاقوامي ترقياتي تنظيم آهي جيڪا 27 ميمبرن جي نگراني ۾ آهي، جنهن ۾ 22 پئسفڪ ٻيٽ ملڪ ۽ پئسفڪ سمنڊ جي چوڌاري علائقا شامل آهن. تنظيم جو هيڊ ڪوارٽر نوميا، نيو ڪيليڊونيا ۾ آهي، ۽ ان جا علائقائي آفيس سووا، پونپي ۽ پورٽ ويلا ۾ آهن، انهي سان گڏ پئسفڪ جي ٻين هنڌن تي فيلڊ اسٽاف پڻ آهن.[1] ان جون ڪم ڪندڙ ٻوليون انگريزي ۽ فرانسيسي آهن. اها بنيادي طور تي ٽيڪنيڪل ۽ سائنسي صلاح فراهم ڪري ٿي ۽ عطيو ڏيندڙ قومن کان ترقياتي منصوبن جي فنڊنگ لاءِ هڪ آئوٽ ليٽ طور ڪم ڪري ٿي.[2] ٿوري ننڍڙي پئسفڪ ٻيٽن جي فورم جي برعڪس، پئسيفڪ ڪميونٽي هڪ واپاري بلاڪ ناهي ۽ فوجي يا سيڪيورٽي مسئلن سان معاملو نٿو ڪري.

پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي جي علائقائي ترقي جي مسئلن ۾ موسمياتي تبديلي، آفت ۾ خطري جو انتظام، ماهيگيري، فوڊ سيفٽي، کاڌي جي حفاظت، تعليم، صنفي برابري، انساني حق، غير متعدي بيماريون، زراعت، ٻيلا ۽ زمين جو استعمال، پاڻي جا وسيلا ۽ نوجوانن جي روزگار شامل آهن.[3]

تاريخ

[سنواريو]

پئسيفڪ ڪميونٽي 6 فيبروري 1947ع تي،[4] ڏکڻ پئسفڪ ڪميشن (SPC) جي طور تي، علائقي ۾ اسٽريٽجڪ مفادن ۽ علائقن سان ڇهن ترقي يافته ملڪن: آسٽريليا، فرانس، هالينڊ، نيوزي لينڊ، برطانيه، ۽ آمريڪا پاران قائم ڪئي وئي هئي.[5]

ڏکڻ پئسفڪ ڪميشن جو باني چارٽر ڪينبرا معاهدو آهي.[6] ٻي عالمي جنگ کان پوءِ، ڇهن نوآبادياتي طاقتون، جنهن ڪميشن ٺاهي هيون، انهن جو مقصد جنگ کان پوءِ پئسفڪ ۾ مغربي سياسي ۽ فوجي مفادن کي محفوظ بڻائڻ هو. ٻه باني ميمبر (هالينڊ ۽ برطانيه) ان کان پوءِ ڪميشن کان دستبردار ٿي ويا آهن، ڇاڪاڻ ته انهن جي ڪنٽرول ۾ پئسفڪ علائقا يا ته آزادي حاصل ڪئي يا تنظيم ۾ پاڻ کي نمائندگي ڪرڻ جو حق حاصل ڪيو.[7][8]

شروع کان وٺي، ڪميشن جو ڪردار محدود هو. آسٽريليا ۽ نيوزي لينڊ کان آمريڪا، فرانس، هالينڊ ۽ برطانيه کي 1947ع ۾ ڏکڻ سمنڊ ڪميشن ڪانفرنس ۾ حصو وٺڻ جي دعوت ۾ اهو بيان شامل هو ته؛

"ڏکڻ پئسفڪ ڪميشن قائم ٿيڻ کي سياسي معاملن يا دفاع يا سيڪيورٽي جي سوالن سان ڪنهن به طرح سان معاملو ڪرڻ جو اختيار نه هجڻ گهرجي". [9]

بحث تي هي پابندي (خاص طور تي علائقي ۾ ايٽمي هٿيارن جي جاچ تي بحث ڪرڻ تي پابندي) 1971ع ۾ ڏکڻ پئسفڪ فورم (هاڻي پئسفڪ ٻيٽ فورم) جي قيام جو سبب بڻي، جنهن نه رڳو فرانس، برطانيه ۽ آمريڪا جي وڌيڪ پري طاقتن کي، پر ان وقت انهن جي پئسفڪ ٻيٽ علائقن کي پڻ خارج ڪيو.

سال 1949ع ۾، پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي پنهنجو مستقل هيڊڪوارٽر نوميا، نيو ڪيليڊونيا ۾. هڪ اڳوڻي آمريڪي فوجي اڏي تي قائم ڪيو. سال 1995ع ۾ ساڳئي هنڌ جي ويجهو هڪ نئون هيڊ ڪوارٽر تعمير ڪيو ويو ۽ فوجي اڏي کي ڊاهي ڇڏيو.[10] ڏکڻ پئسفڪ فورم جي اصل هيڊ ڪوارٽر جي جڳهه جي ياد ۾ هڪ يادگار ۽ تختي انسي واٽا ۾ لي پرومينيڊ ڪمپليڪس جي سائيٽ تي ملي سگهي ٿي.[11]

سال 1962ع ۾، پئسفڪ ڪميونٽي هڪ باقاعده پئسفڪ وسيع راندين جي تقريب منعقد ڪرڻ جي مقصد سان ڏکڻ پئسفڪ گيمز ڪائونسل ٺاهي. پهرين گيمز رانديون 1963ع ۾ سووا، فجي ۾ منعقد ڪيون ويون، جنهن ۾ 13 پئسفڪ علائقن مان 646 شرڪت ڪندڙن حصو ورتو. شروعات ۾ رانديون ٽن سالن جي وقفي تي منعقد ڪيون ويون، جيتوڻيڪ بعد ۾ گوام ۾ ٽومون راندين کان پوءِ ان کي چار تائين وڌايو ويو.

Dutch New Guinea, formerly represented in the SPC by the Netherlands, was transferred to United Nations authority in 1962 and to Indonesia the following year. Without any territory remaining in the region, the Netherlands withdrew from the SPC in 1962.[12][13]

Governance of the SPC reflected the changing political environment. At inception, each member had equal representation and a single vote. When Western Samoa joined as newly independent state in 1965 the rules were changed to ensure that the Western foundation nations would maintain firm control over the organization. Australia was given five votes, France, Britain, New Zealand, and the United States four and Western Samoa just one.[14]

In 1972, the first South Pacific Arts Festival was convened by SPC in Suva, Fiji. The event drew more than 1000 participants from 14 countries. In 1975 SPC created a Council of Pacific Arts, permanently making culture issues a part of the SPC mandate and establishing the Festival of Pacific Arts as a regular event.[15]

In response to demand to rapid development of the Pacific regions media industry, SPC established a Regional Media Center in 1973 in collaboration with the recently created University of the South Pacific. The center produced audio material for the regions radio stations and provided training in video production.

With decolonization efforts expanding, newly independent states and nonindependent territories were also allowed to apply for membership. "As its membership grew, the character and scope of the SPC evolved to incorporate the indigenous peoples of the Pacific."[16]

In 1983, at the Saipan Conference, unequal voting was abandoned, once again establishing a "one member, one vote" principle for SPC.[17] However, this decision did not come without criticism as some pointed out that the combination of allowing membership to non-independent territories and establishing a one-vote per member principle effectively provided additional votes to France and the United States who continued to maintain control over Pacific territories. It was also during the Saipan Conference that the Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CRGA) was established, creating the only Pacific regional organization that was both fully representative of the Pacific, and fully governed by its membership.[18]

In 1988, the SPC become a founding member of the Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific or CROP (formerly the South Pacific Organisations Coordinating Committee, SPOCC) "to improve cooperation, coordination, and collaboration among the various intergovernmental regional organisations to work toward achieving the common goal of sustainable development in the Pacific region".[19]

The United Kingdom withdrew from the organisation in 1996 and rejoined in 1998.[20] The UK withdrew a second time in 2004[مئل ڳنڍڻو]. The UK's interests in the Pacific Community were prior to Brexit primarily managed through the European Union, although the UK also is a direct donor for some projects.[اپڊيٽ گھربل آھي] The UK rejoined in 2021 after reopening its high commissions in Tonga, Samoa and Vanuatu.[21]

In 1996, the Pacific Heads of Agriculture and Livestock Programmes asked "to put in place, both in their countries and through regional cooperation, policies to conserve, protect and best utilize their plant genetic resources".[22] As these resources were considered a shared regional responsibility, it made sense for a regional organization to respond to this need. SPC established the Regional Germplasm Centre (RGC) in 1998. The facility grew rapidly and in 2007 was renamed Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT). It currently holds more than 2000 varieties of genetic material on Pacific strains of taro, banana, breadfruit and others, and has been instrumental in helping to rebuild island agriculture after disasters.[23]

In 2000, SPC became the first CROP organization to be headed by a woman, Lourdes Pangelinan of Guam, who served in the role from 2000 to 2006.

Pacific Way television series

[سنواريو]

The SPC began producing a television program, known as The Pacific Way, in 1995. Supported by UNESCO as a trial for exchanging news stories, the first season was shared freely with just one tape circulated between TV stations in several Pacific Island nations. The programs' regional and local focus made it popular addition to local television schedules and at its height was producing and distributing 26 annual episodes to 21 TV stations around the region. Since 2017, the Pacific Way has been developing 10 episodes per season for television and has been reintroduced to radio through its complementary podcasts. The half-hour show shares development stories about the Pacific for the Pacific. It covers important topics and key issues, such as climate change adaptation, health, youth employment, innovation in agriculture, fisheries management and the protection of cultural heritage.

[سنواريو]

While the acronym "SPC" has been consistent since the organization's founding in 1947, the name and logo have evolved over the years. The organization's original name was the South Pacific Commission, which represented the limited nature of its membership and activities. The name was changed in 1997 to the Pacific Community, reflecting the growth of membership across the entire Pacific region. The current logo was officially adopted in 2015.

SPC Logo 1960
    1960
SPC Logo 1970
    1970
South Pacific Commission ― Pacific Community
logos

رڪنيت

[سنواريو]

The Pacific Community includes 22 Pacific island countries and territories, which were all previously territories (or, in the case of Tonga, a protectorate) of the original founding members of the SPC, along with the developed countries of Australia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States:[24]

The population figures and also the GDP per capita figures are for the whole country. In some cases this includes regions outside the Pacific area.

The symbol ‡ indicates an independent state.

Headquarters of the Pacific Community in 2018
Member Population
(2020)		 Area
(km2)		 EEZ Area
(km2)		 GDP per
capita
(USD,
2020)		 Currency UN
membership		 Sovereign State /
Associated with		 Status Date of
admission
 آمريڪي ساموا 56,813 200 404,391 11,245 USD No United States Unorganized Unincorporated Territory 1983
 آسٽريليا 25,882,100 7,692,024 8,148,250 53,321 AUD Yes ‡ 1947
 ڪوڪ ٻيٽ 17,459 237 1,830,000 24,913 NZD No New Zealand Freely Associated State 1980
 فجي 926,276 18,276 1,282,980 6,152 FJD Yes ‡ 1971
 فرانس 67,100,000 675,000 1,100,000 49,435 EUR Yes ‡ 1947
 فرينچ پولينسيا 275,918 4,167 4,767,240 22,308 XPF No France Overseas Country 1983
 گوام 168,801 540 221,504 34,153 USD No United States Organized Unincorporated Territory 1983
 ڪريبتي 119,940 811 3,441,810 1,636 AUD Yes ‡ 1983
 مارشل ٻيٽ 54,590 181 1,990,530 4,337 USD Yes United States Freely Associated State 1983
 مائڪرونيشيا جون فيڊريٽيڊ اسٽيٽس 105,503 701 2,996,420 3,830 USD Yes United States Freely Associated State 1983
 نائورو 11,690 21 308,480 11,666 AUD Yes ‡ 1969
 نيو ڪيليڊونيا 273,015 18,576 1,422,540 37,448 XPF No France Sui Generis Collectivity 1983
 نيوزي لينڊ 4,900,000 270,500 4,000,000 43,953 NZD Yes ‡ 1947
 نائيو 1,562 261 450,000 18,757 NZD No New Zealand Freely Associated State 1980
 نادرن مرينا ٻيٽَ 56,608 464 749,268 23,550 USD No United States Commonwealth 1983
 پالائو 17,930 444 603,978 2,854 USD Yes United States Freely Associated State 1983
 پاپوا نيو گني 8,934,475 462,840 2,402,290 2,854 PGK Yes ‡ 1975
 پِٽڪائِرن ٻيٽَ 50 47 836,108 N/A NZD No United Kingdom Overseas Territory 1983
 ساموآ 198,646 2,934 127,950 4,284 SAT Yes ‡ 1965
 سولومن آئلينڊز 712,071 28,230 1,553,440 2,295 SBD Yes ‡ 1978
 ٽوڪليا 1,506 12 319,031 6,882 NZD No New Zealand Dependent Territory 1983
 ٽونگا 99,780 749 659,558 5,081 TOP Yes ‡ 1983
 ٽوالو 10,580 26 749,790 4,223 AUD Yes ‡ 1978
 يونائيٽيڊ ڪنگڊم 66,000,000 242,495 6,805,586 40,284 GBP Yes ‡ 1947[lower-alpha 1]
 گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون 324,000,000 9,800,000 11,700,000 55,800 USD Yes ‡ 1947
 وانوآتو 294,688 12,281 663,251 3,260 VUV Yes ‡ 1983
 والِس ۽ فُيوچُونا 11,441 142 258,269 12,848 XPF No France Overseas Collectivity 1983
Notes
  1. ↑ "Contact Us". The Pacific Community (انگريزي ۾). 2019-03-25 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  2. ↑ Pacific Community Strategic Plan, 2016-2020
  3. ↑ "SPC promotes food security". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. 2020-11-06 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  4. ↑ "Pacific Community Day". The Pacific Community (انگريزي ۾). 2025-09-20 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  5. ↑ "South Pacific Commission | National Library of Australia". 2019-03-25 تي حاصل ڪيل – National Library of Australia وسيلي.
  6. ↑ "Agreement establishing the South Pacific Commission (Canberra, 6 February 1947)". Australian Treaty Series 1948 No. 15 (First ڇاپو). Australian Government Publishing Service. August 1984. 2008-08-11 تي حاصل ڪيل. The first edition document hosted on the Australasian Legal Information Institute web site.
  7. ↑ Stearns, Peter N., مرتب (June 2002). "The Pacific Region, 1944–2000: The Islands, 1946–2000: 1947". The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. bartleby.com. اصل نسخو مان 23 June 2008 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2008-08-13 تي حاصل ڪيل. A licensed reproduction of Peter N. Stearns; ۽ ٻيا, مرتب (2001). "H, 1, 1947". The Pacific Region, 1944–2000: The Islands, 1946–2000: 1947. The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. Boston: Houghton Mifflen Company. ص. xxvii, 1243p., maps, 25 cm. ISBN 0-395-65237-5.
  8. ↑ "Secretariat of the Pacific Community". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2008. 2008-08-16 تي حاصل ڪيل. Supports SPC's formation "to advise on economic, social, health matters affecting the South Pacific Island territories..."
  9. ↑ A.H. McLintock, مرتب (1966). Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 2007-09-18. International Relations: The South Pacific Commission. ISBN 978-0-478-18451-8. 2008-08-16 تي حاصل ڪيل.[مئل ڳنڍڻو] "From the outset political and security matters were excluded from consideration; the proposed Commission was to act in a consultative capacity on questions of welfare of the peoples in the area and social and economic development."
  10. ↑ "Important dates". Ville de Nouméa (انگريزي ۾). 2013-07-31. 2019-03-28 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  11. ↑ "Important dates". Ville de Nouméa (انگريزي ۾). 2013-07-31. 2019-03-28 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  12. ↑ Henningham, S.; Kovac, Velibor Bobo (1995-10-25). The Pacific Island States: Security and Sovereignty in the Post-Cold War World (انگريزي ۾). Springer. ISBN 9780230372436.
  13. ↑ Lal, Brij V.; Fortune, Kate (2000). The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia (انگريزي ۾). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824822651.
  14. ↑ Lal, Brij V.; Fortune, Kate (2000). The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia (انگريزي ۾). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824822651.
  15. ↑ Meeting House of the Pacific. SPC Library, Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 2007. ص. 90. ISBN 978-982-00-0221-0.
  16. ↑ Gover, Kirsty (2016-02-05), "Indigenous membership and human rights", Handbook of Indigenous Peoples' Rights, Routledge, ص. 35–48, doi:10.4324/9780203119235-4, ISBN 9780203119235
  17. ↑ "Secretariat of the Pacific Community | international organization". Encyclopædia Britannica (انگريزي ۾). 2019-03-25 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  18. ↑ Meeting House of the Pacific. SPC Library, Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 2007. ص. 108. ISBN 978-982-00-0221-0.
  19. ↑ "Council of Regional Organisations of the Pacific". forumsec.org. 2019-04-01 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  20. ↑ Lal, Brij V.; Fortune, Kate (2000). The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia (انگريزي ۾). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824822651.
  21. ↑ "Britain rejoins major Pacific body" (New Zealand English ۾). Radio New Zealand. 2021-12-02. 2021-12-02 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  22. ↑ "The Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT)". lrd.spc.int. 2019-04-04 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  23. ↑ "Minister to attend Winston service" (آمريڪي انگريزي ۾). 2019-04-04 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  24. ↑ "SPC – Pacific Community: Our Members". SPC – Pacific Community (انگريزي ۾). 2019-03-25 تي حاصل ڪيل.

The SPC is concentrated on providing technical and scientific advice to its member governments and administrations, particularly in areas where small island states lack the wherewithal to maintain purely national cadres of expertise, or in areas where regional co-operation or interaction is necessary.

The operational budget of the Pacific Community in 2018 was approximately €82 million.[1] The organization is financially supported through a combination of membership fees and donor funding. Its major funding partners include the European Union, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the governments of France and the United States. Additional funding and knowledge partners include:[2]

Divisions

[سنواريو]

The SPC works across more than 25 sectors. It is involved in such areas as fisheries science, public health surveillance, geoscience and conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, statistics and education. Using a multi-sector approach in responding to its members' development priorities, SPC draws on skills and capabilities from around the region and internationally, and supports the empowerment of Pacific communities and sharing of expertise and skills between countries and territories.[3]

SPC currently has nine divisions:[4]

Original SPC HQ in Nouméa
  • Climate Change and Environmental Stability (CCES)
  • Educational Quality and Assessment Program (EQAP)
  • Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (FAME)
  • Geoscience Energy and Maritime (GEM)
  • Land Resources Division (LRD)
  • Public Health Division (PHD)
  • Regional Rights Resource Team (RRRT)
  • Social Development Program (SDP)
  • Statistics for Development (SDD)

ڊائريڪٽر جنرل

[سنواريو]

The Director General is appointed for a two-year term of office which can be extended by two additional two-year terms (maximum service period of six years).[5]

Directors-General of South Pacific Commission ― Pacific Community
Directors-GeneralCountryStart dateEnd dateComment
Stuart MinchinAustralia23 Jan 2020present
Colin TukuitongaNiue5 Jan 201423 Jan 2020
Jimmie RodgersSolomon Islands6 Jan 20065 Jan 2014
Lourdes T. PangelinanGuam6 Jan 20005 Jan 2006
Robert B. DunAustralia8 Jan 19965 Jan 2000
Ati George SokomanuVanuatu6 Jan 19937 Jan 1996
Jacques IékawéNew Caledonia10 Mar 199210 Mar 1992Died before assuming office
Atanraoi BaitekeKiribati16 Jun 19895 Jan 1993
Jon Tikivanotau JonassenCook Islands1 Jan 198915 Jun 1989Interim
Palauni M. TuiasosopoAmerican Samoa9 Dec 198631 Dec 1988
Francis BugotuSolomon Islands1 Jul 198230 Nov 1986
Mititaiagimene Young VivianNiue1 Jul 19793 Jun 1982
E. Macu SalatoFiji9 Dec 197530 Jun 1979
Fred BethamWestern Samoa1 Nov 197130 Nov 1975
John E. de YoungUnited States18 Feb 197131 Oct 1971Interim
Afoafouvale MisimoaWestern Samoa1 Jan 197018 Feb 1971
Gawain Westray BellUnited Kingdom1 Jan 196711 Dec 1969
William D. ForsythAustralia24 Mar 196331 Dec 1966reappointed[6]
Thomas Richard SmithNew Zealand1 Mar 19582 Mar 1963
Ralph Clairon BedellUnited States1 Mar 195528 Feb 1958
Sir Brian FreestonUnited Kingdom12 Nov 195112 Nov 1954
William D. ForsythAustralia1 Nov 19483 Jun 1951Founding official[6]

پڻ ڏسو

[سنواريو]

ٻيا

[سنواريو]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ SPC budget, FY 2019[مئل ڳنڍڻو]
  2. ↑ "Our Partners". The Pacific Community (انگريزي ۾). محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 2022-08-13 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2022-08-23 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  3. ↑ "SPC Strategic Plan 2016-2020". SPC website.
  4. ↑ "SPC's Divisions". The Pacific Community (انگريزي ۾). 2019-03-25 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  5. ↑ "Recruitment process for the next Director-General of the Pacific Community is now underway | the Pacific Community".
  6. 1 2 Chad Mitcham, ‘Forsyth, William Douglass (Bill)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/forsyth-william-douglass-bill-27737, published online 2018

وڌيڪ معلومات

[سنواريو]

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ Withdrew from 1 Jan 1996 until it rejoined 1 Jan 1998; Withdrew again from 1 Jan 2005 until it rejoined again on 2 Dec 2021
حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو
"https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=پئسفڪ_ڪميونٽي&oldid=373713" تان ورتل