مواد ڏانھن هلو

علم ڪيميا ۾ نوبل انعام

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
ڏسو a list of laureates لاءِ، List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry.
علم ڪيميا ۾ نوبل انعام
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.
مقام اسٽاڪ هوم، سوئيڊن
ملڪ سويڊن
ڏيڻ وارو رائل سويڊش اڪيڊمي آف سائنسز
اعزازیہ هڪ ڪروڙ 10 هڪ سويڊش ڪرونا (2024ع)[1]
شروعات 1901ع
هن سال ڏنو ويو 2024ع
زیادہ مرتبہ اعزاز یافتہ فريڊرڪ سئنگير ۽ ڪارل بئري شارپلس (2)
ويبسائيٽ nobelprize.org/chemistry
* ← 2023
  • 2025ع →

علم ڪيميا ۾ نوبل انعام (سويڊش: Nobelpriset i kemi) هر سال رائل سويڊش اڪيڊمي آف سائنسز پاران علم ڪيميا جي مختلف شعبن ۾ سائنسدانن کي ڏنو ويندو آهي. اهو سال 1895ع ۾ الفريڊ نوبل جي وصيت سان قائم ڪيل پنجن نوبل انعامن، ڪيميا، طبيعيات، ادب، امن ۽ فزيالوجي يا طب، مان هڪ آهي، جيڪو علم ڪيميا ۾ شاندار ڪمن لاءِ ڏنو ويندو آهي. هي انعام نوبل فائونڊيشن پاران منظم ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ علم ڪيميا لاءِ نوبل ڪميٽي جي تجويز تي رائل سويڊش اڪيڊمي آف سائنسز پاران ڏنو ويندو آهي، جنهن ۾ اڪيڊمي پاران چونڊيل پنج ميمبر شامل آهن. اهو انعام اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ 10 ڊسمبر تي، الفريڊ نوبل جي ورسي واري ڏينهن، تي هڪ سالياني تقريب ۾ پيش ڪيو ويندو آهي.

علم ڪيميا ۾ پهريون نوبل انعام سال 1901ع ۾ هالينڊ جي جيڪبس هينريڪس وانٽهاف کي، "حل ۾ ڪيميائي حرڪيات ۽ آسموٽڪ دٻاءُ جي قانونن جي دريافت لاءِ" ڏنو ويو. سال 1901ع کان 2024ع تائين، اهو انعام ڪل 195 ڪيميا دانن کي ڏنو ويو آهي.[2] علم ڪيميا ۾ سال 2024ع جو نوبل انعام ڊيمس هاسبيس ۽ جان جمپر کي پروٽين جي جوڙجڪ جي اڳڪٿي لاءِ ۽ ڊيوڊ بيڪر کي ڪمپيوٽيشنل پروٽين ڊيزائن لاءِ ڏنو ويو. سال 2022ع تائين، اٺ عورتون ڪيميا جو نوبل انعام کٽيو، جنهن ۾، ميري ڪيوري (1911ع)، سندس ڌيءَ آئرين جوليٽ-ڪيوري (1935ع)، ڊوروٿي هوجڪن (1964ع)، ايڏا يوناٿ (2009ع)، فرانسس آرنلڊ (2018ع)، ايمانوئلئ چارپينٽيئر ۽ جينيفر ڊوڊنا (2020ع) ۽ ڪيرولين آر. برٽوزي (2022ع) شامل آهن.[3]

علم ڪيميا ۾ نوبل انعام کڻندڙ جي فهرست

[سنواريو]
سال تصوير ڪيميادان [A] ملڪ/قوميت[B] ڪم جن جي ڪارڻ انعام ڏنو ويو[C] حوالا
1901 جيڪوبس هينريڪس وانٽهاف
(1852–1911) 		 نيدرلينڊز ولنديزي "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" [4]
1902 هرمان ايمل فشر
(1852–1919) 		جرمن سلطنت "[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses" [5]
1903 سوانتئ آگسٽ آرينئيس
(1859–1927) 		سويڊش "[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation" [6]
1904 Sir William Ramsay
(1852–1916) 		British "[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system" [7]
1905 Adolf von Baeyer
(1835–1917) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" [8]
1906 Henri Moissan
(1852–1907) 		French "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him" [9]
1907 Eduard Buchner
(1860–1917) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" [10]
1908 Ernest Rutherford
(1871–1937) 		New Zealander "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" [11]
1909 Wilhelm Ostwald
(1853–1932) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" [12]
1910 Otto Wallach
(1847–1931) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" [13]
1911 Marie Curie, née Skłodowska
(1867–1934) 		Polish
French 		"[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" [14]
1912 Victor Grignard
(1871–1935) 		French "for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent" [15]
Paul Sabatier
(1854–1941) 		"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals" [15]
1913 Alfred Werner
(1866–1919) 		Swiss "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry" [16]
1914 Theodore William Richards
(1868–1928) 		American "[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" [17]
1915 Richard Martin Willstätter
(1872–1942) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" [18]
1916 سانچو:HsNot awarded
1917
1918 Fritz Haber
(1868–1934) 		سانچو:Country data German Empire German "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" [19]
1919 سانچو:HsNot awarded
1920 Walther Hermann Nernst
(1864–1941) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German "[for] his work in thermochemistry" [20]
1921 Frederick Soddy
(1877–1956) 		British "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" [21]
1922 Francis William Aston
(1877–1945) 		British "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" [22]
1923 Fritz Pregl
(1869–1930) 		سانچو:Country data Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian
Austrian 		"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" [23]
1924 سانچو:HsNot awarded
1925 فائل:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
(1865–1929) 		Austrian "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used" [24]
1926 The (Theodor) Svedberg
(1884–1971) 		Swedish "for his work on disperse systems" [25]
1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland
(1877–1957) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" [26]
1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
(1876–1959) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" [27]
1929 Arthur Harden
(1865–1940) 		British "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" [28]
Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
(1873–1964) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German
Swedish
1930 Hans Fischer
(1881–1945) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" [29]
1931 Carl Bosch
(1874–1940) 		سانچو:Country data Weimar Republic German "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" [30]
Friedrich Bergius
(1884–1949)
1932 Irving Langmuir
(1881–1957) 		American "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" [31]
1933 سانچو:HsNot awarded
1934 Harold Clayton Urey
(1893–1981) 		American "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" [32]
1935 Frédéric Joliot
(1900–1958) 		French "[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements" [33]
Irène Joliot-Curie
(1897–1956)
1936 Peter Debye
(1884–1966) 		Dutch "[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" [34]
1937 Walter Norman Haworth
(1883–1950) 		British "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" [35]
Paul Karrer
(1889–1971) 		Swiss "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938 Richard Kuhn
(1900–1967) 		سانچو:Country data Nazi Germany German "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" [36]
1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
(1903–1995) 		سانچو:Country data Nazi Germany German "for his work on sex hormones" [37]
Leopold Ružička
(1887–1976) 		سانچو:Country data Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian
Swiss 		"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" [37]
1940 سانچو:HsNot awarded
1941
1942
1943 George de Hevesy
(1885–1966) 		سانچو:Country data Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) Hungarian "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" [38]
1944 Otto Hahn
(1879–1968) 		سانچو:Country data Nazi Germany German "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" [39]
1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
(1895–1973) 		Finnish "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" [40]
1946 James Batcheller Sumner
(1887–1955) 		American "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" [41]
John Howard Northrop
(1891–1987) 		"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" [41]
Wendell Meredith Stanley
(1904–1971)
1947 Sir Robert Robinson
(1886–1975) 		British "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" [42]
1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
(1902–1971) 		Swedish "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" [43]
1949 فائل:William Giauque Nobel.jpg William Francis Giauque
(1895–1982) 		Canadian
American 		"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" [44]
1950 Otto Paul Hermann Diels
(1876–1954) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" [45]
Kurt Alder
(1902–1958)
1951 Edwin Mattison McMillan
(1907–1991) 		American "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" [46]
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
(1912–1999)
1952 Archer John Porter Martin
(1910–2002) 		British "for their invention of partition chromatography" [47]
Richard Laurence Millington Synge
(1914–1994)
1953 Hermann Staudinger
(1881–1965) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" [48]
1954 Linus Pauling
(1901–1994) 		American "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" [49]
1955 فائل:Vincent du Vigneaud.jpg Vincent du Vigneaud
(1901–1978) 		American "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" [50]
1956 Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
(1897–1967) 		British "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" [51]
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
(1896–1986) 		Soviet
1957 Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
(1907–1997) 		British "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" [52]
1958 Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013) 		British "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" [53]
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský
(1890–1967) 		Czechoslovak "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" [54]
1960 Willard Frank Libby
(1908–1980) 		American "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" [55]
1961 Melvin Calvin
(1911–1997) 		American "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" [56]
1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz
(1914–2002) 		Austrian
British 		"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" [57]
John Cowdery Kendrew
(1917–1997) 		British
1963 Karl Ziegler
(1898–1973) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" [58]
Giulio Natta
(1903–1979) 		Italian
1964 فائل:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
(1910–1994) 		British "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" [59]
1965 فائل:Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg Robert Burns Woodward
(1917–1979) 		American "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" [60]
1966 Robert S. Mulliken
(1896–1986) 		American "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" [61]
1967 Manfred Eigen
(1927–2019) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" [62]
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
(1897–1978) 		British
George Porter
(1920–2002)
1968 Lars Onsager
(1903–1976) 		Norwegian
American 		"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" [63]
1969 Derek H. R. Barton
(1918–1998) 		British "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" [64]
Odd Hassel
(1897–1981) 		Norwegian
1970 Luis F. Leloir
(1906–1987) 		Argentine "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" [65]
1971 Gerhard Herzberg
(1904–1999) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German
Canadian 		"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" [66]
1972 Christian B. Anfinsen
(1916–1995) 		American "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" [67]
Stanford Moore
(1913–1982) 		"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" [67]
William H. Stein
(1911–1980)
1973 Ernst Otto Fischer
(1918–2007) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" [68]
Geoffrey Wilkinson
(1921–1996) 		British
1974 Paul J. Flory
(1910–1985) 		American "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules" [69]
1975 John Warcup Cornforth
(1917–2013) 		Australian
British 		"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" [70]
Vladimir Prelog
(1906–1998) 		Yugoslavian
Swiss 		"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" [70]
1976 William N. Lipscomb
(1919–2011) 		American "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" [71]
1977 Ilya Prigogine
(1917–2003) 		Belgian "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" [72]
1978 Peter D. Mitchell
(1920–1992) 		British "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" [73]
1979 Herbert C. Brown
(1912–2004) 		American "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" [74]
Georg Wittig
(1897–1987) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German
1980 Paul Berg
(1926–2023) 		American "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" [75]
Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert
(b. 1932) 		"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" [75]
Frederick Sanger Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013) 		British
1981 Kenichi Fukui
(1918–1998) 		Japanese "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" [76]
Roald Hoffmann
(b. 1937) 		Polish
American
1982 Aaron Klug
(1926–2018) 		British "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" [77]
1983 Henry Taube
(1915–2005) 		Canadian
American 		"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" [78]
1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield
(1921–2006) 		American "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" [79]
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman
(1917–2011) 		American "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" [80]
Jerome Karle
(1918–2013)
1986 Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley R. Herschbach
(b. 1932) 		American "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" [81]
Dudley R. Herschbach Yuan T. Lee
(b. 1936) 		Taiwanese
John C. Polanyi
(b. 1929) 		Canadian
1987 Donald J. Cram
(1919–2001) 		American "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" [82]
Jean-Marie Lehn
(b. 1939) 		French
Charles J. Pedersen
(1904–1989) 		American
1988 Johann Deisenhofer
(b. 1943) 		سانچو:Country data West Germany West German "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" [83]
Robert Huber Robert Huber
(b. 1937)
Hartmut Michel
(b. 1948)
1989 Sidney Altman
(1939–2022) 		Canadian
American 		"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" [84]
Thomas R. Cech Thomas Cech
(b. 1947) 		American
1990 Elias James Corey
(b. 1928) 		American "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" [85]
1991 Richard R. Ernst Richard R. Ernst
(1933–2021) 		Swiss "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" [86]
1992 Rudolph A. Marcus
(b. 1923) 		Canadian
American 		"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" [87]
1993 Kary B. Mullis
(1944–2019) 		American "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" [88]
Michael Smith
(1932–2000) 		British
Canadian 		"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" [88]
1994 George A. Olah
(1927–2017) 		Hungarian
American 		"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" [89]
1995 Paul J. Crutzen
(1933–2021) 		Dutch "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" [90]
Mario J. Molina
(1943–2020) 		Mexican
Frank Sherwood Rowland
(1927–2012) 		American
1996 Robert F. Curl Jr.
(1933–2022) 		American "for their discovery of fullerenes" [91]
Sir Harold W. Kroto
(1939–2016) 		British
Richard E. Smalley
(1943–2005) 		American
1997 Paul D. Boyer
(1918–2018) 		American "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" [92]
John E. Walker
(b. 1941) 		British
Jens C. Skou
(1918–2018) 		Danish "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" [92]
1998 Walter Kohn Walter Kohn
(1923–2016) 		Austrian
American 		"for his development of the density-functional theory" [93]
John Anthony Pople John A. Pople
(1925–2004) 		British "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" [93]
1999 Ahmed Zewail
(1946–2016) 		Egyptian
American 		"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" [94]
2000 Alan J. Heeger
(b. 1936) 		American "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" [95]
Alan G. MacDiarmid
(1927–2007) 		New Zealander
American
Hideki Shirakawa
(b. 1936) 		Japanese
2001 William S. Knowles
(1917–2012) 		American "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" [96]
Ryōji Noyori Ryōji Noyori
(b. 1938) 		Japanese
Barry Sharpless K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941) 		American "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" [96]
2002 John B. Fenn John B. Fenn
(1917–2010) 		American "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" [97]
Koichi Tanaka
(b. 1959) 		Japanese
Kurt Wüthrich Kurt Wüthrich
(b. 1938) 		Swiss "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" [97]
2003 Peter Agre
(b. 1949) 		American "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels" [98]
Roderick MacKinnon Roderick MacKinnon
(b. 1956) 		"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" [98]
2004 Aaron Ciechanover
(b. 1947) 		Israeli "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" [99]
Avram Hershko
(b. 1937)
Irwin Rose
(1926–2015) 		American
2005 Yves Chauvin
(1930–2015) 		French "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" [100]
Robert Grubbs Robert H. Grubbs
(1942–2021) 		American
Richard R. Schrock
(b. 1945)
2006 Roger D. Kornberg
(b. 1947) 		American "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" [101]
2007 Gerhard Ertl
(b. 1936) 		German "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" [102]
2008 Osamu Shimomura
(1928–2018) 		Japanese[103] "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" [104]
Martin Chalfie
(b. 1947) 		American
Roger Y. Tsien
(1952–2016)
2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
(b. 1952)

British
American

"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" [105]
Thomas A. Steitz
(1940–2018) 		American
Ada E. Yonath
(b. 1939) 		Israeli
2010 Richard F. Heck
(1931–2015) 		American "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" [106]
Ei-ichi Negishi
(1935–2021) 		Japanese
Akira Suzuki
(b. 1930)
2011 Dan Shechtman
(b. 1941) 		Israeli
American 		"for the discovery of quasicrystals" [107]
2012 Robert Lefkowitz
(b. 1943) 		American "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" [108]
Brian Kobilka
(b. 1955)
2013 Martin Karplus
(1930–2024) 		Austrian
American 		"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" [109]
Michael Levitt
(b. 1947) 		South African
American
British
Israeli[110]
Arieh Warshel
(b. 1940) 		Israeli
American
2014 Eric Betzig
(b. 1960) 		American "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" [111]
Stefan W. Hell
(b. 1962) 		Romanian[112]
German
William E. Moerner
(b. 1953) 		American
2015 Tomas Lindahl
(b. 1938) 		Swedish
British 		"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair" [113]
Paul L. Modrich
(b. 1946) 		American
Aziz Sancar
(b. 1946) 		Turkish
2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage
(b. 1944) 		French "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines" [114]
Fraser Stoddart
(1942–2024) 		British
American
Ben Feringa
(b. 1951) 		Dutch
2017 Jacques Dubochet
(b. 1942) 		Swiss "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution" [115]
Joachim Frank
(b. 1940) 		German
American[116]
Richard Henderson
(b. 1945) 		British
2018 Frances Arnold
(b. 1956) 		American "for the directed evolution of enzymes" [117]
George Smith
(b. 1941) 		"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
Sir Gregory Winter
(b. 1951) 		British
2019 John B. Goodenough
(1922–2023) 		American "for the development of lithium ion batteries" [118]
M. Stanley Whittingham
(b. 1941) 		British
American
Akira Yoshino
(b. 1948) 		Japanese
2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier
(b. 1968) 		French "for the development of a method for genome editing" [119]
Jennifer Doudna
(b. 1964) 		American
2021 Benjamin List
(b. 1968) 		German "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis" [120]
David W.C. MacMillan
(b. 1968) 		British
2022 Carolyn Bertozzi
(b. 1966) 		American "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry" [121]
Morten Meldal
(b. 1954) 		Danish
K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941) 		American
2023 Moungi G. Bawendi
(b. 1961) 		French
Tunisian
American 		"for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots" [122]
Louis E. Brus
(b. 1943) 		American
Alexey Ekimov
(b. 1945) 		Russian
2024 David Baker
(b. 1962) 		American "for computational protein design" [123]
Demis Hassabis
(b. 1976) 		British "for protein structure prediction"
John M. Jumper
(b. 1985) 		American

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ "The Nobel Prize amounts", The Nobel Prize, اصل کان 20 July 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 9 October 2024۔ 
  2. ↑ "Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry", nobelprize.org, اصل کان 8 March 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 October 2023۔ 
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry", The Nobel Prize, اصل کان 25 February 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2022۔ 
  4. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  5. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  6. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 5 November 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  7. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  8. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 12 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  9. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 11 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  10. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  11. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  12. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  13. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  14. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 19 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  16. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  17. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 15 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  18. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  19. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  20. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 9 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  21. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 27 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  22. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 27 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  23. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 30 August 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  24. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 15 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  25. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  26. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  27. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 5 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  28. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 1 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  29. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 1 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  30. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 10 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  31. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 3 August 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  32. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 1 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  33. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 7 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  34. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 14 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  35. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 22 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  36. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 19 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 14 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  38. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 20 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  39. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  40. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 6 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 11 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  42. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 4 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  43. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  44. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  45. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 9 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  46. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 4 November 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  47. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  48. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  49. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 9 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  50. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  51. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  52. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  53. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 26 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  54. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  55. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  56. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  57. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  58. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 13 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  59. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 15 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  60. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  61. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  62. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  63. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 30 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  64. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 13 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  65. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  66. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 19 October 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 11 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  68. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  69. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 3 August 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  71. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  72. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 24 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  73. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 12 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  74. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 26 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  76. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 21 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  77. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  78. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 13 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  79. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  80. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  81. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 21 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  82. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  83. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 25 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  84. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 28 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  85. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 28 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  86. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 17 August 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  87. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 18 July 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 21 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  89. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 13 August 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  90. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 5 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  91. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 11 October 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 21 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 26 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  94. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 8 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  95. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 20 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 19 December 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 2 November 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 29 September 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  99. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 19 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  100. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 21 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  101. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 17 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  102. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 16 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2008۔ 
  103. ↑ As of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008–Press Release", Nobel Foundation, 8 October 2008, اصل کان 9 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 October 2008۔ 
  104. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 9 October 2008 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 8 October 2008۔ 
  105. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 10 October 2009 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 7 October 2009۔ 
  106. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 9 October 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 6 October 2009۔ 
  107. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 7 October 2011 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 October 2011۔ 
  108. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 13 October 2012 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 13 October 2012۔ 
  109. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 31 August 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 9 October 2013۔ 
  110. ↑ "3 Jewish professors -- two of them Israeli -- share 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry | The Times of Israel", The Times of Israel, اصل کان 13 July 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 9 October 2013۔ 
  111. ↑ "Microscope work wins Nobel Prize". BBC. 8 October 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29536525. 
  112. ↑ "Erviu Exclusiv Digi24. Stefan Hell, laureat al premiului Nobel: Educaţia primită în România m-a ajutat mult. Mi-a ușurat viața" (ro ۾). http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiinta+si+Mediu/EXCLUSIV+Stefan+Hell+laureat+al+premiului+Nobel+Educatia+primita. 
  113. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 15 June 2017 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 14 June 2017۔ 
  114. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 5 October 2016 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 October 2016۔ 
  115. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 6 April 2018 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 4 October 2017۔ 
  116. ↑ Frank, Joachim (2017), Curriculum Vitae آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 9 October 2017 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  117. ↑ Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 3 October 2018 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
  118. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 8 December 2019 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 9 October 2019۔ 
  119. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 7 October 2020 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 7 October 2020۔ 
  120. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 6 October 2021 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 7 October 2021۔ 
  121. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022", Nobel Foundation, اصل کان 5 October 2022 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 5 October 2022۔ 
  122. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023", NobelPrize.org (ٻولي ۾ en-US), اصل کان 5 October 2023 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 04 آڪٽوبر 2023۔ 
  123. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024", NobelPrize.org (ٻولي ۾ en-US), اصل کان 9 آڪٽوبر 2024 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 09 آڪٽوبر 2024۔ 

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
"https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=علم_ڪيميا_۾_نوبل_انعام&oldid=334653" تان ورتل