سينور
نظر ھيٺ مضمون the division of plants تي آهي. ٻين استعمالن جي لاءِ جي لاءِ Moss (disambiguation) ڏسو.| Moss | |
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 Clumps of moss on the ground and base of trees in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, United States |
سينور يا ڪائي (Mosses) ننڍڙا، غير ويسڪولر، بغير گل وارا ٻوٽا آهن جيڪا ٽئڪسونومي ڊويزن، برايوڦائٽا (Bryophyta) ۾ آهن. برايوڦائٽا، شايد پيرنٽ گروپ، برايوڦائٽس (bryophytes) جو حوالو ڏئي سگھي ٿو، جنهن ۾ ليور وورٽ، ڪائيون ۽ هارن وورت شامل آهن. ڪائيون عام طور تي، اڪثر نم يا ڇانو واري هنڌن تي، ڳاڙهي سائي ڪلمپس يا چٽ ٺاهيندا آهن.
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (/braɪˈɒfətə/,[3] /ˌbraɪ.əˈfaɪtə/) sensu stricto. Bryophyta (sensu lato, Schimp. 1879[4]) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.[5] Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients. Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants.[6] Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. They are typically 0.2–10 cm (0.1–3.9 in) tall, though some species are much larger. Dawsonia, the tallest moss in the world, can grow to 50 cm (20 in) in height. There are approximately 12,000 species.[2]
Mosses are commonly confused with liverworts, hornworts and lichens.[7] Although often described as non-vascular plants, many mosses have advanced vascular systems.[8][9] Like liverworts and hornworts, the haploid gametophyte generation of mosses is the dominant phase of the life cycle. This contrasts with the pattern in all vascular plants (seed plants and pteridophytes), where the diploid sporophyte generation is dominant. Lichens may superficially resemble mosses, and sometimes have common names that include the word "moss" (e.g., "reindeer moss" or "Iceland moss"), but they are fungal symbioses and not related to mosses.[7]:3
The main commercial significance of mosses is as the main constituent of peat (mostly the genus Sphagnum), although they are also used for decorative purposes, such as in gardens and in the florist trade. Traditional uses of mosses included as insulation and for the ability to absorb liquids up to 20 times their weight. Moss is a keystone genus and benefits habitat restoration and reforestation.[10]
انفرادي ٻوٽا عام طور تي سادي پنن مان ٺهيل هوندا آهن جيڪي عام طور تي صرف هڪ جيو گھرڙي وارا هوندا آهن، تن سان ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن جيڪي شاخون يا اڻ شاخون هجن ۽ پاڻي ۽ غذائي مواد کي هلائڻ ۾ صرف محدود ڪردار ادا ڪن ٿا. جيتوڻيڪ ڪجھ نسلن ۾ هلندڙ ٽشوز موجود آهن، اهي عام طور تي ترقي يافته نه آهن ۽ ساخت جي لحاظ کان ويسڪولر ٻوٽن ۾ ملندڙ ساڳئي ٽشوز کان مختلف آهن. ڪائين ۾ ٻج نه هوندو آهي ۽ ڀاڻ ڪرڻ کان پوءِ اسپورو فائٽس پيدا ٿين ٿيون جن ۾ شاخون نه هونديون آهن جن جي مٿان هڪ ڪيپسول هوندا آهن جن ۾ اسپور شامل هوندا آهن. اهي عام طور تي 0.2 کان 10 سينٽي ميٽر (0.1 کان 3.9 انچ) ڊگها هوندا آهن، جيتوڻيڪ ڪي نسل تمام وڏا هوندا آهن. ڊاوسونيا (Dawsonia)، دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڏي ڪائي، اوچائي ۾ 50 سينٽي ميٽر (20 انچ) تائين وڌي سگهي ٿي. انهن جو تقريبن 12,000 قسمون آهن.
پڻ ڏسو
[سنواريو]خارجي لنڪس
[سنواريو]حوالا
[سنواريو]- ↑ Hubers, M.; Kerp, H. (2012). "Oldest known mosses discovered in Mississippian (late Visean) strata of Germany". Geology 40 (8): 755–58. doi:. Bibcode: 2012Geo....40..755H.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes. 98. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 205–239. ISBN 978-1-930723-38-2.
- ↑ سانچو:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ↑ Schimper, W. P. (1879). Zittel, K.A.. ed. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 2. R. Oldenbourg.
- ↑ de Sousa, Filipe (2019). "Nuclear protein phylogenies support the monophyly of the three bryophyte groups (Bryophyta Schimp.)". New Phytologist 222 (1): 565–75. doi:. PMID 30411803. https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/0b471d7e-ce54-4681-b791-1da305d9e53b.
- ↑ Ligrone, R.; Duckett, J.G.; Renzaglia, K.S. (2000). "Conducting tissues and phyletic relationships of bryophytes". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 355 (1398): 795–813. doi:. PMID 10905610.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lichens of North America, Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Duran Sharnoff, ISBN 978-0-300-08249-4, 2001
- ↑ Bell, N. E.; Hyvönen, J. (2010). "Phylogeny of the moss class Polytrichopsida (BRYOPHYTA): Generic-level structure and incongruent gene trees". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2): 381–398. doi:. PMID 20152915. https://zenodo.org/record/1065524.
- ↑ Bodribb, T.J. (2020). "Advanced vascular function discovered in a widespread moss". Nature Plants 6 (3): 273–279. doi:. PMID 32170283.
- ↑ Rochefort, Line (2000). "Sphagnum: A Keystone Genus in Habitat Restoration". The Bryologist 103 (3): 503–508. doi:. ISSN 0007-2745. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3244138.