رجيم (حڪومت)
سياست ۾، هڪ رجيم (Regime) سياسي تنظيم جو هڪ نظام آهي جيڪو سرڪاري عهدي تائين رسائي ۽ آفيسرن جي اختيار جي حد جو تعين ڪندو آهي. هڪ رجيم عام طور تي حڪومت کان وڌيڪ مستقل هوندو آهي، پر رياست کان گهٽ مستقل هوندو آهي.[1] سياسي سائنسدان اڪثر ڪري مختلف رجيم کي جمهوري، آمرانه يا هائبرڊ طور درجه بندي ڪندا آهن.[2] [3] [4] هڪ رجيم هڪ مستقل عملن جي هڪ سيٽ جو حوالو پڻ ڏئي سگهي ٿو، جيڪو هڪ واحد حڪومت کان اڳتي آهن، جهڙوڪ هڪ ريگيوليٽري رجيم (جئين ته ايران ۾) يا هڪ اپارٿيڊ رجيم، جئين ته ڏکڻ آفريڪا ۾ هو يا اسرائيل ۾ آهي.[5]
حوالا
[سنواريو]- ↑ Fishman, Robert (April 1990). "Rethinking State and Regime: Southern Europe's Transition to Democracy". World Politics 3 (42). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259380027_Rethinking_State_and_Regime_Southern_Europe's_Transition_to_Democracy.
- ↑ Karl, Terry; Schmitter, Phillippe (Summer 1991). "What Democracy Is...and Is Not". Journal of Democracy (3): 76–78. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/what-democracy-is-and-is-not/. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ↑ Young, Oran R. (1982–2004). "Regime dynamics: the rise and fall of international regimes". International Organization: 277–297. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/regime-dynamics-the-rise-and-fall-of-international-regimes/6885F64E8C01664F4B7EA48C556AB5E8.
- ↑ . December 2, 2021.
March 14, 2023
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(مدد); Missing or empty|url=(مدد) - ↑ UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) (2017). Israeli Apartheid.
ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا
[سنواريو]- Davies, Jonathan S. (2002). "Urban Regime Theory: A Normative-Empirical Critique" Urban Studies.
- Glinka, Kamil (2020). "The Urban Regime Theory in Political Science Research — The Possibilities and Limitations of Implementation" Polish Political Science Review, 8(1), 24–42. Sciendo
- Imbroscio, David (2003). "The Evolution of Urban Regime Theory: The Challenge of Conceptualization" Journal of Urban Affairs, 25(3), 243–263. Elsevier
ذريعا
[سنواريو]- James, Paul; Palen, Ronen (2007). Globalization and Economy, Vol. 3: Global Economic Regimes and Institutions. London: Sage Publications.
- O'Neill, Patrick, Essentials of Comparative Government