مواد ڏانھن هلو

دنيا جي آباديات

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان

Population pyramid of the world in 2026 by the UN، Population: 8,30,06,78,409 (2026 est., Fertility: 2.24 (2025)

سال 2025ع تائين، ڌرتيءَ جي انساني آبادي 8 ارب 20 ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آهي، جنهن ۾ آباديءَ جي مجموعي گهاٽائي 50 ماڻهو في چورس ڪلوميٽر (130 ماڻهو في چورس ميل) آهي. دنيا جي آباديءَ جو تقريباً 60 سيڪڙو حصو ايشيا ۾ رهي ٿو، جنهن ۾ اڪيليءَ ڀارت ۽ چين جي گڏيل آبادي 2 ارب 80 ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آهي. لکيل تاريخ جي گذريل ڪجهه هزار سالن دوران، دنيا جي ڪل آباديءَ ۾ چين، ڀارت ۽ باقي ڏکڻ ايشيا جو سيڪڙو حصو تقريباً ساڳئي سطح تي رهيو آهي.[1][2]

ڌرتيء جي آباديءَ جو وڏو حصو شهري ۽ مضافاتي علائقن ۾ رهي ٿو[3] ۽ شهرن توڙي شهري مرڪزن ڏانهن وڏي پيماني تي لڏپلاڻ ٿي آهي. شهري آبادي سال 1950ع ۾ 29 سيڪڙو کان وڌي سال 2018ع ۾ 55.3 سيڪڙو تائين پهچي وئي.[4] گڏيل قومن جي ان اڳڪٿي جي بنياد تي ته سال 2010ع تائين دنيا جي 51.3 سيڪڙو آبادي شهري هوندي، گريگوري فولڪرسن، رون وِمبرلي ۽ لبي مورس اهو اندازو لڳايو ته 23 مئي 2007ع تاريخ جو اهو پهريون ڏينهن هو جڏهن شهري آبادي،[5] ڳوٺاڻي آباديءَ کان وڌيڪ ٿي وئي هئي. ڀارت ۽ چين سڀ کان وڌيڪ آباديءَ وارا ملڪ آهن،[6] ڇاڪاڻ ته خوشحال ملڪن ۾ ڄم جي شرح مسلسل گهٽجي رهي آهي، جڏهن ته غريب ملڪن ۾ اها تازي عرصي تائين وڌيڪ رهي آهي. جڪارتا دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو شهري علائقو (شهري مجموعو) آهي.[7]

سال 2024ع تائين، دنيا ۾ ڄم جي مجموعي شرح جو اندازو 2.25 ٻار في عورت لڳايو ويو آهي،[8] جيڪو عالمي سطح تي آباديءَ جي تسلسل لاءِ گهربل شرح (replacement fertility rate) جي سراسري 2.33 (2003ع جي انگن اکرن مطابق) کان ٿورو گهٽ آهي.[9] تنهن هوندي به، دنيا جي آباديءَ ۾ واڌ غير متوازن آهي؛ ڄم جي شرح ڏکڻ ڪوريا ۾ دنيا جي گهٽ ترين سطح 0.8 کان وٺي[10] نائيجر ۾ بلند ترين سطح 6.7 تائين مختلف آهي. [11] گڏيل قومن 2000ع ۾ آباديءَ ۾ سالياني واڌ جو اندازو 1.14 سيڪڙو لڳايو هو.[12] هن وقت دنيا جي آباديءَ ۾ واڌ جي شرح اٽڪل 1.09 سيڪڙو آهي. سال 2021ع ۾، 15 سالن کان گهٽ عمر وارا ماڻهو دنيا جي ڪل آباديءَ جو چوٿون حصو (25.18 سيڪڙو) هئا،[7] جڏهن ته 65 سال يا ان کان وڌيڪ عمر وارن ماڻهن جو تناسب تقريباً ڏهه سيڪڙو (9.69 سيڪڙو) هو. گذريل 40 سالن دوران دنيا جي خواندگي جي شرح ۾ نمايان اضافو ٿيو آهي، جيڪا 1979ع ۾ 66.7 سيڪڙو هئي ۽ اڄ 86.3 سيڪڙو تائين پهچي وئي آهي.[13] خواندگي جي گهٽ سطح جو سبب گهڻو ڪري غربت آهي[14] ۽ اهڙي صورتحال خاص طور تي ڏکڻ ايشيا ۽ سب صحارا آفريڪا ۾ ڏسڻ ۾ اچي ٿي. [15]

ويهين صديءَ دوران دنيا جي آبادي ٽن ڀيرن کان به وڌيڪ وڌي وئي؛ اها 1900ع ۾ تقريبن هڪ ارب 65 ڪروڙ هئي جيڪا 1999ع تائين وڌي پنج ارب 97 ڪروڙ ٿي وئي.[16][17][18] آبادي 1927ع ۾ 2 ارب، 1960ع ۾ 3 ارب، 1974ع ۾ 4 ارب ۽ 1987ع ۾ 5 ارب جي انگ تائين پهتي.[19] نومبر 2022ع تائين دنيا جي مجموعي آبادي تقريبن 8 ارب آهي. هن وقت، گهٽ آمدني وارن ۽ گهٽ ترقي يافته ملڪن ۾ آباديءَ جي واڌ جي شرح سڀ کان وڌيڪ تيز آهي. [20] گڏيل قومن (UN) جي اڳڪٿي موجب، 2050ع ۾ دنيا جي آبادي 9.15 ارب هوندي، جيڪا 2010ع جي 6.89 ارب آباديءَ جي ڀيٽ ۾ 32.7 سيڪڙو وڌيڪ هوندي.[16]

History

[سنواريو]
Comparison of all humans living with all previous generations, as of March 2022.[21]

Historical migration of human populations begins with the movement of Homo erectus out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago. Homo sapiens appear to have occupied all of Africa about 300,000 years ago, moved out of Africa 50,000 – 60,000 years ago, and had spread across Australia, Asia and Europe by 30,000 years BC. Migration to the Americas took place 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the Pacific Islands were colonized.

Until c. 10,000 years ago, humans lived as hunter-gatherers. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as band societies. The advent of agriculture prompted the Neolithic Revolution, when access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent human settlements. About 6,000 years ago, the first proto-states developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt's Nile Valley and the Indus Valley. Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to water and, depending on the lifestyle, other natural resources used for subsistence. But humans have a great capacity for altering their habitats by means of technology.

Since 1800, the human population has increased from one billion[22] to over eight billion.[23] In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in urban areas. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in urban areas by the end of the year.[24] Problems for humans living in cities include various forms of pollution and crime,[25] especially in inner city and suburban slums. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades.[26]

World Population, AD 1–1998 (in thousands)

[سنواريو]

Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).[27]

Year 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 1998
Western Europe 24 700 25 413 57 268 73 778 81 460 132 888 187 532 261 007 305 060 358 390 388 399
Eastern Europe
(excluding USSR countries)		 4 750 6 500 13 500 16 950 18 800 36 415 52 182 79 604 87 289 110 490 121 006
Former USSR 3 900 7 101 16 950 20 700 26 550 54 765 88 765 156 192 180 050 249 748 290 866
Total Europe
(including USSR countries)		 33 350 39 013 87 718 111 428 126 810 224 068 328 386 496 803 572 399 718 628 800 271
United States[28] 680 1 300 2 000 1 500 1 000 9 981 40 241 97 606 152 271 212 909 279 040
Other Western Offshoots 490 660 800 800 750 1 249 5 892 13 795 23 823 39 036 52 859
Total Western Offshoots 1 170 1 960 2 800 2 300 1 750 11 230 46 133 111 401 176 094 250 945 323 420
Mexico 2 200 4 500 7 500 2 500 4 500 6 587 9 219 14 970 28 485 57 643 98 553
Other Latin America 3 400 6 900 10 000 6 100 7 550 14 633 30 754 65 545 137 352 250 807 409 070
Total Latin America 5 600 11 400 17 500 8 600 12 050 21 220 39 973 80 515 165 837 308 450 507 623
Japan 3 000 7 500 15 400 18 500 27 000 31 000 34 437 51 672 83 563 108 660 126 469
China 59 600 59 000 103 000 160 000 138 000 381 000 358 000 437 140 546 815 881 940 1 242 700
India 75 000 77 000 113 000 145 000 201 000 209 000 239 000 319 000 362 000 549 000 1 029 000
Other Asia 36 600 41 400 55 400 65 000 71 800 89 366 119 619 185 092 392 481 677 214 1 172 243
Total Asia (excluding Japan) 171 200 175 400 268 400 360 000 374 800 679 366 730 619 925 932 1 298 296 2 139 154 3 389 943
Africa 16 500 33 000 46 000 55 000 61 000 74 208 90 466 124 697 228 342 387 645 759 954
World (thousands) 230,820 268,273 437,818 555,828 603,410 1,041,092 1,270,014 1,791,020 2,524,531 3,913,482 5,907,680

Shares of world population, AD 1–1998 (% of world total)

[سنواريو]

Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).[27]

Year 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 1998
Western Europe 10.7 9.5 13.1 13.3 13.5 12.8 14.8 14.6 12.1 9.2 6.6
Eastern Europe
(excluding USSR countries)		 2.1 2.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.5 2.8 2.0
Former USSR 1.7 2.6 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.3 7.0 8.7 7.1 6.4 4.9
Total Europe
(including USSR countries)		 14.5 14.5 20.1 20.0 21.0 21.6 25.9 27.7 22.7 18.4 13.5
United States 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.0 3.2 5.4 6.0 5.4 4.6
Other Western Offshoots 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9
Total Western Offshoots 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.1 3.6 6.2 7.0 6.4 5.5
Mexico 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.7
Other Latin America 1.5 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.4 3.7 5.4 6.4 6.9
Total Latin America 2.4 4.2 4.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.1 4.5 6.6 7.9 8.6
Japan 1.3 2.8 3.5 3.3 4.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.1
China 25.8 22.0 23.5 28.8 22.9 36.6 28.2 24.4 21.7 22.5 21.0
India 32.5 28.0 25.1 24.3 27.3 20.1 19.9 17.0 14.2 14.8 16.5
Other Asia 15.9 15.4 12.7 11.7 11.9 8.6 9.4 10.3 15.5 17.3 19.8
Total Asia (excluding Japan) 74.2 65.4 61.3 64.8 62.1 65.3 57.5 51.7 51.4 54.7 57.4
Africa 7.1 12.3 10.5 9.9 10.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 9.0 9.9 12.9
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Vital statistics

[سنواريو]

Notable events in World demography:

The following estimates of global trends in various demographic indicators from 1950 to 2021 are from UN DESA's World Population Prospects 2022. In July 2022, UN DESA published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide and on the country and regional level.[29]

سانچو:Col-float-begin

Current world population and latest projection

[سنواريو]
اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو World population
Population pyramid of the world in continental groupings in 2023
Current world population and latest projection according the UN. Population in (millions) and percent of the global population in that year.[30]
Region2022 (percent)2030 (percent)2050 (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa1,152 (14.51%)1,401 (16.46%)2,094 (21.62%)
Northern Africa and Western Asia549 (6.91%)617 (7.25%)771 (7.96%)
Southern and Central Asia2,065 (26.13%)2,248 (26.41%)2,575 (26.58%)
Eastern Asia[31]1,642 (20.71%)1,647 (19.32%)1,522 (15.71%)
Southeastern Asia[31]675 (8.49%)721 (8.47%)771 (7.95%)
Europe and North America1120 (14.10%)1129 (13.26%)1125 (11.61%)
Latin America and the Caribbean658 (8.29%)695 (8.17%)749 (7.73%)
Australia/New Zealand31 (0.39%)34 (0.40%)38 (0.39%)
Other Oceania14 (0.18%)15 (0.18%)20 (0.21%)
World7,9428,5129,687

Major cities

[سنواريو]
Population by continent (2022 data)

The world has hundreds of cities across it with most being in coastal regions. According to the latest official data, the world population is 8,209,580,000 people.

تائين 2010, about 3 billion people live in or around urban areas.[7]

The following table shows the populations of the top thirteen conglomerations.

Rank City Population Country Statistical concept[32] Area (km2)[lower-alpha 1] Density (p/km2)
1Tokyo37,500,000سانچو:JPNMetropolitan area[lower-alpha 2]13,5002,777.78
2Shanghai24,180,000 چين Urban agglomeration[lower-alpha 3]3,9206,168
3New York City23,600,000[33] گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون Urban agglomeration21,483[34]1,098
4Mexico City22,460,000 ميڪسيڪو Metropolitan area (zona metropolitana)7,8152,490
5Delhi22,157,000 ڀارت Urban agglomeration[lower-alpha 4]33,578659
6 São Paulo 22,048,504[35]  برازيل Metropolitan Area 7,946.96 2,714.45
7Moscow21,534,777[[File:{{{flag alias}}}|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] [[{{{alias}}}|flagcountry]] Metropolitan area26,000770
8Lagos21,000,000 نائجيريا Metropolitan area1,17117,933
9Cairo20,901,000 مصر Metropolitan area1,709[36]10,400
10Karachi20,382,881[37] پاڪستان Metropolitan area (megacity)3,5304,224
11Mumbai20,041,000 ڀارت Urban agglomeration1,097[lower-alpha 5]18,268
12Kolkata15,552,000 ڀارت Urban agglomeration1,026[38]15,158
13Dhaka14,648,000سانچو:BGDMetropolitan area (megacity)1,6009,155

Population density

[سنواريو]
Population density (people per km2) by country
Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2025. Only 3% of the world's population lived in urban areas in 1800; this proportion had risen to 47% by 2000, and reached 56% by 2020.[39]

The world's population is over 8 billion[40] and Earth's total surface area (including land and water) is 510 ملين چور�ڪلو� ميٽرs (197 ملين چورس ميل).[7] Therefore, the worldwide human population density is 8 billion ÷ 510 ملين km2 (197 ملين sq mi) = 15.7 people/km2 (41 people/sq mi). If only the Earth's land area of 150 ملين km2 (58 ملين sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density increases to 53.3 people/km2 (138 people/sq mi).[41][42]

Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates or dependencies.[43][44] These territories share a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation.

Religion

[سنواريو]
Major denominations and religions of the world

The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. For example, Cao Đài is listed because it claims to be a separate category from Buddhism, while Hòa Hảo is not, even though they are similar new religious movement.

The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example United States or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Some organizations may wildly inflate their numbers.

Global religious affiliation
Religious categoryNumber of followers
(in millions)		Cultural traditionMain regions covered
Christianity2,300–2,400[45]Abrahamic religionsPredominant in the Western world (Western Europe, the Americas, Oceania), Eastern Europe, Russia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Philippines, and East Timor in Southeast Asia. Minorities worldwide, see Christianity by country.[46]
Islam1,600–1,800[47][48]Abrahamic religionsWest Asia, Northern Africa, Central Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Western Africa, Maritime Southeast Asia with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, Balkan Peninsula, Russia and China.[49]
Hinduism1,110-1,200[50]Indian religionsIndian subcontinent, Bali, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and among the overseas Indian communities.
No religion1,100[51]Secularism, half of those are theistic (but do not fit in with the major religions)Predominant in the Western world, East Asia. Minorities worldwide, see list of countries by irreligion.
Buddhism400–600[7][52][53]Indian religionsIndian Subcontinent, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia.
Folk religions600–3,000[lower-alpha 6]Folk religionsAfrica, Asia, Americas
Chinese folk religions
(including Taoism and Confucianism)		400–1,000[54][lower-alpha 6]Chinese ReligionsEast Asia, Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia.
Shinto27–65[55]Japanese ReligionsJapan
Sikhism24–30[56][7]Indian religionsIndian Subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.
Judaism14–18[7]Abrahamic religionsIsrael and the worldwide Jewish diaspora (mostly North America, South America, Europe, Ethiopia, and Asia).
Jainism8–12[lower-alpha 7]Indian religionsIndia, and East Africa.
Baháʼí Faith7.3–7.9[57]Abrahamic religions[lower-alpha 8]Noted for being dispersed worldwide[58][59] but the top ten populations (amounting to about 65% of the world's Baháʼí Faith adherents) are (in order of size of community) India, United States, Kenya, Vietnam, DR of the Congo, Philippines, Iran, Zambia, South Africa, Bolivia[60]
Cao Đài1–3[61]Vietnamese ReligionsVietnam.
Cheondoism3[62]Korean religionsNorth Korea and South Korea
Tenrikyo2[63]Japanese religionsJapan, Brazil.
Wicca1[64]New religious movementsUnited States, Australia, Europe, Canada.
Church of World Messianity1[65]Japanese ReligionsJapan, Brazil
Seicho-no-Ie0.8[63]Japanese religionsJapan, Brazil.
Rastafari movement0.7[66]New religious movements, Abrahamic religionsJamaica, Caribbean, Africa.
Unitarian Universalism0.63[67]New religious movementsUnited States, Canada, Europe.

Since the late 19th century, the demographics of religion have changed a great deal. Some countries with a historically large Christian population have experienced a significant decline in the numbers of professed active Christians: see demographics of atheism. Symptoms of the decline in active participation in Christian religious life include declining recruitment for the priesthood and monastic life, as well as diminishing attendance at church. On the other hand, since the 19th century, large areas of sub-Saharan Africa have been converted to Christianity, and this area of the world has the highest population growth rate. In the realm of Western civilization, there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as secular humanists. Despite the decline, Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western world, where 70% of the population is Christian.[68] In many countries, such as the People's Republic of China, communist governments have discouraged religion, making it difficult to count the actual number of believers. However, after the collapse of communism in numerous countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, religious life has been experiencing resurgence there, in the form of traditional Eastern Christianity.[69] While, Islam however has gained considerably in the Soviet Unions former republics in Central Asia.

Following is some available data based on the work of the World Christian Encyclopedia:[70]

Growth rate of adherents

[سنواريو]

[اپڊيٽ گھربل آھي]

Trends in annual growth of adherents
Faith 1970–1985[71] 1990–2000[72][73] 2000–2005[74]
Islam 2.74% 2.13% 1.84%
Baháʼí Faith 3.65% 2.28% 1.70%
Hinduism 2.34% 1.69% 1.57%
Christianity 1.64% 1.36% 1.32%
Judaism 1.09% 1.87% 1.62%
Buddhism 1.67% 1.09%
Zoroastrianism 2.65%

The annual growth in the world population over the same period is 1.41%.

Studies conducted by the Pew Research Center have found that, generally, poorer nations had a larger proportion of citizens who found religion to be very important than richer nations, with the exceptions of the United States[75] and Kuwait.[76]

In the book Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?, Eric Kaufmann argues that demographic trends point to religious fundamentalists greatly increasing as a share of the population over the next century.[77][78] Other scholars have argued that this may be a form of "cultural selection" that will affect future demographics due to certain religious groups having high fertility that is unexplained by other factors such as income.[79][80][81]

Marriage

[سنواريو]

The average age of marriage varies greatly from country to country and has varied through time. Women tend to marry earlier than men and currently varies from 17.6 for women in Niger, to 32.4 for women in Denmark while men range from 22.6 in Mozambique to 35.1 in Sweden.[82]

In 2021, 13.3 million babies, or about 10 per cent of the total worldwide, were born to mothers under 20 years old.[30]

Age structure

[سنواريو]
اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو Population pyramid, List of countries by median age ۽ Population ageing
Population pyramid of the world from 1950 to 2100 by the UN
World age structure from 1950 to 2100 (projected)[83]
Median age by country
Median age by country as of 2024. A youth bulge is evident for Africa, and to a lesser extent for West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of the Americas.

According to the 2021 CIA World Factbook, around 25% of the world's population is below 15 years of age.[84]

  • 0–14 years: 25.2% (male 1,010,373,278/female 946,624,579)[7]
  • 15–64 years: 65.1% (male 2,562,946,384/female 2,498,562,457)[7]
  • 65 years and over: 9.7% (male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753) (2021 est.)[7]
  • Median Age – 31 years (male: 30.3 years, female: 31.8 years, 2021 est.)

According to a report by the Global Social Change Research Project, worldwide, the percent of the population age 0–14 declined from 34% in 1950 to 27% in 2010. The elderly population (60+) increased during the same period from 8% to 11%.[85]

Median age by continent, 2018[86]
RegionMedian age
Asia31
Africa18
Europe42
North America35
South America31
Oceania33
Proportions of population for select age groups by continent, 2018[86]
RegionUnder 15 yearsOver 65 years
Asia24%8%
Africa41%3%
Europe16%18%
Latin America–Caribbean26%8%
North America19%15%
Oceania23%12%
World26%9%

Population growth rate

[سنواريو]
اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو Population growth
Growth rate of world population (1950–2010)
The sharp decline in world population growth in the early 1960s caused primarily by the Great Chinese Famine

Globally, the growth rate of the human population has been declining since peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per annum. In 2009, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.[87] The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively[7] The last one hundred years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity[88] made possible by the Green Revolution.[89][90][91]

2010–2015 net population increase rate, per 1000 people

The actual annual growth in the number of humans fell from its peak of 88.0 million in 1989, to a low of 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. Since then, annual growth has declined. In 2009, the human population increased by 74.6 million, which is projected to fall steadily to about 41 million per annum in 2050, at which time the population will have increased to about 9.2 billion.[87] Each region of the globe has seen great reductions in growth rate in recent decades, though growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.[87]

Some countries experienced negative population growth, especially in Eastern Europe mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to the high number of HIV-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also encounter negative population growth.[92] Japan's population began decreasing in 2005.[93]

Population in the world increased from 1990 to 2008 with 1,423 billion and 27% growth. Measured by persons, the increase was highest in India (290 million) and China (192 million). Population growth was highest in Qatar (174%) and United Arab Emirates (140%).[94]

In 2022, the world population reached 8 billion. The latest projections by the United Nations suggest that the global population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050 and 10.4 billion in 2100.[30]

More than half of the projected increase in global population up to 2050 will be concentrated in just eight countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines and Tanzania.[30]

Rank Country Population (thousands)[31] Growth (%)
1990–2010
1990 2010 2023
  World 5,306,425 6,895,889 8,035,118 30.0%
1  ڀارت 873,785 1,224,614 1,428,627 40.2%
2  چين 1,145,195 1,341,335 1,425,671 17.1%
3  گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون 253,339 310,384 331,002 22.5%
4  انڊونيشيا 184,346 239,871 273,523 30.1%
5  پاڪستان 111,845 173,593 220,892 55.2%
6  برازيل 149,650 194,946 212,559 30.3%
7  نائجيريا 97,552 158,423 206,139 62.4%
8  بنگلا ديش 105,256 148,692 164,689 41.3%
9  روس 148,244 142,958 145,934 −3.6%
10  ميڪسيڪو 86,007 114,092 128,932 32.7%

Births

[سنواريو]

In 2021, most births worldwide occurred in two regions: sub-Saharan Africa (29 per cent of global births), the region with the highest fertility level, Central and Southern Asia (28 per cent of global births) and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (18 per cent).[30]

Birth count

[سنواريو]
اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو List of countries by number of births

The 10 countries with the highest estimated number of births in 2021 according to the World Population Prospects 2022 of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.[95]

Birth rate

[سنواريو]
Countries by birth rate

As of 2009, the average birth rate (unclear whether this is the weighted average rate per country [with each country getting a weight of 1], or the unweighted average of the entire world population) for the whole world is 19.95 per year per 1000 total population, a 0.48% decline from 2003's world birth rate of 20.43 per 1000 total population.

World historical and predicted crude birth rates (1950–2050)
UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.[96]
YearsCBRYearsCBR
1950–195537.22000–200521.2
1955–196035.32005–201020.3
1960–196534.92010–201519.4
1965–197033.42015–202018.2
1970–197530.82020–202516.9
1975–198028.42025–203015.8
1980–198527.92030–203515.0
1985–199027.32035–204014.5
1990–199524.72040–204514.0
1995–200022.52045–205013.4

According to the CIA – The World Factbook, the country with the highest birth rate currently is Niger at 51.26 births per 1000 people. The country with the lowest birth rate is Japan at 7.64 births per 1000 people. Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is at 7.42 births per 1000 people. As compared to the 1950s, birth rate was at 36 births per 1000 in the 1950s,[97] birth rate has declined by 16 births per 1000 people. In July 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that the adolescent birth rate continues to decline.[98]

Birth rates vary even within the same geographic areas. In Europe, as of July 2011, Ireland's birth rate is 16.5 percent, which is 3.5 percent higher than the next-ranked country, the UK. France has a birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 12.3 percent.[99] In July 2011, the UK's Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a 2.4% increase in live births in the UK in 2010 alone.[100] This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years.[100] By contrast, the birth rate in Germany is only 8.3 per 1,000, which is so low that both the UK and France, which have significantly smaller populations, produced more births in 2010.[101] Birth rates also vary within the same geographic area, based on different demographic groups. For example, in April 2011, the U.S. CDC announced that the birth rate for women over the age of 40 in the U.S. rose between 2007 and 2009, while it fell among every other age group during the same time span.[102] In August 2011, Taiwan's government announced that its birth rate declined in the previous year, despite the fact that it implemented a host of approaches to encourage its citizens to have babies.[103]

Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1000 are considered high. There are problems associated with both an extremely high birth rate and an extremely low birth rate. High birth rates can cause stress on the government welfare and family programs to support a youthful population. Additional problems faced by a country with a high birth rate include educating a growing number of children, creating jobs for these children when they enter the workforce, and dealing with the environmental effects that a large population can produce. Low birth rates can put stress on the government to provide adequate senior welfare systems and also the stress on families to support the elders themselves. There will be less children or working age population to support the constantly growing aging population.

Highest and lowest birth rates (annual births per 1000 persons)

[سنواريو]

The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude birth rate, according to the 2018 and 2022 CIA World Factbook estimates, are:[104]

(These lists include independent countries only, not regions.)[But St Pierre & Miquelon is not a country.]

Rank
(2022)		CountryHighest (2022)
1 نائيجر 47.08
2 انگولا 41.80
3 بینن 41.15
4 مالي 41.07
5 يوگينڊا 40.94
6 چاڊ 40.45
7 عوامي جمهوريه ڪانگو 40.08
8 صوماليا 37.98
9 ڏکڻ سوڊان 37.69
10 موزمبيق 37.47
Rank
(2022)		CountryLowest (2022)
1 سينٽ پيئر ۽ ميڪيلون 6.47
2 موناڪو 6.66
3 انڊورا 6.88
4 ڏکڻ ڪوريا 6.92
5 جاپان 6.95
6 اٽلي 6.95
7 اسپين 7.13
8 تائيوان 7.39
9 يونان 7.61
10 پورٽو ريڪو 7.87
Rank
(2018)		CountryHighest (2018)
1 انگولا 43.7
2 نائيجر 43.6
3 مالي 43.2
4 چاڊ 43.0
5 يوگينڊا 42.4
6 زيمبيا 41.1
7 برونڊي 40.9
8 ملاوي 40.7
9 صوماليا 39.3
10 لابيريا 37.9
Rank
(2018)		CountryLowest (2018)
1 موناڪو 6.5
2 انڊورا 7.3
3 جاپان 7.5
4 پورچوگال 8.2
5 تائيوان 8.2
6 يونان 8.3
7 ڏکڻ ڪوريا 8.3
8 بلغاريه 8.5
9 اٽلي 8.5
10 جرمني 8.6

Death rate

[سنواريو]

The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude death rate, according to the 2018 and 2022 CIA World Factbook estimates, are:[105]

World historical and predicted crude death rates (1950–2050)
UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.[106]
YearsCDRYearsCDR
1950–195519.52000–20058.6
1955–196017.32005–20108.5
1960–196515.52010–20158.3
1965–197013.22015–20208.3
1970–197511.42020–20258.3
1975–198010.72025–20308.5
1980–198510.32030–20358.8
1985–19909.72035–20409.2
1990–19959.42040–20459.6
1995–20008.92045–205010

See list of countries by mortality rate for worldwide statistics.

According to the World Health Organization, the 10 leading causes of death in 2002 were:

  1. 12.6% Ischemic heart disease
  2. 9.7% Cerebrovascular disease
  3. 6.8% Lower respiratory infections
  4. 4.9% HIV/AIDS
  5. 4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  6. 3.2% Diarrhoeal diseases
  7. 2.7% Tuberculosis
  8. 2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers
  9. 2.2% Malaria
  10. 2.1% Road traffic accidents

Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries.

According to Jean Ziegler (the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients".[107]

Of the roughly 150,000 people who died each day across the globe, about two-thirds—100,000 per day—died of age-related causes in 2001, according to an article which counts all deaths "due to causes that kill hardly anyone under the age of 40" as age-related.[108][better source needed] In industrialized nations, the proportion was even higher according to that article, reaching 90%.[108]

Total fertility rate

[سنواريو]

The Total fertility rate is the average number of children born per mother. In 2021, fertility levels high were found in sub-Saharan Africa (4.6 births per woman), Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand (3.1), Northern Africa and Western Asia (2.8), and Central and Southern Asia (2.3).[30]

There is an inverse correlation between income and fertility, wherein developed countries usually have a much lower fertility rate. Various fertility factors may be involved, such as education and urbanization. Mortality rates are low, birth control is understood and easily accessible, and costs are often deemed very high because of education, clothing, feeding, and social amenities. With wealth, contraception becomes affordable. However, in countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the economy accelerated, birth rate also rapidly declined. Further, longer periods of time spent getting higher education often mean women have children later in life.[109] Female labor participation rate also has substantial negative impact on fertility. However, this effect is neutralized among Nordic or liberalist countries.[110][وڌيڪ وضاحت گھربل]

In undeveloped countries on the other hand, families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old age. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to contraceptives, generally lower levels of female education, patriarchal culture and lower rates of female employment in industry.

Total fertility rates by region, 2010–2015

Total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.

Region Total fertility rate
(2010–2015)[111]
World 2.5
Africa 4.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 5.1
Western Africa 5.5
Middle Africa 5.8
Eastern Africa 4.9
Northern Africa 3.3
Southern Africa 2.5
Oceania 2.4
Asia 2.2
Europe 1.6
Latin America-Caribbean 2.2
North America 1.9

Health

[سنواريو]
Life expectancy (as of 2016) varies greatly from country to country. It is lowest in certain countries in Africa and higher in Japan, Australia and Spain.[112]
  >80
  77.5–80
  75–77.5
  72.5–75
  70–72.5
  67.5–70
  65–67.5
  60–65
  55–60
  50–55

The average number of hospital beds per 1,000 population is 2.94. It is highest in Switzerland (18.3) and lowest in Mexico (1.1)[113]

96% of the urban population has access to improved drinking water, while only 78% of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water. A total average of 87% of urban and rural have access to improved drinking water.

76% of the urban population has access to sanitation facilities, while only 45% of the rural population has access. A total world average of 39% do not have access to sanitation facilities.

As of 2009, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS, which is approximately 0.8% of the world population, and there have been an estimated 1.8 million deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS.

As of 2010, 925 million people are undernourished.[114]

Life Expectancy at Birth:

  • total population: 71.4 years
  • male: 69.1 years
  • female: 73.8 years (2015 est.)[112]
World historical and predicted total life expectancy at birth (1950–2050)
UN, 2017 rev.[115]
Years LEB Years LEB
1950–1955 47.9 2000–2005 67.2
1955–1960 49.3 2005–2010 69.1
1960–1965 51.2 2010–2015 70.8
1965–1970 55.5 2015–2020 72.0
1970–1975 58.1 2020–2025 73.0
1975–1980 60.3 2025–2030 73.8
1980–1985 62.1 2030–2035 74.7
1985–1990 63.7 2035–2040 75.5
1990–1995 64.6 2040–2045 76.2
1995–2000 65.7 2045–2050 77.0

Sex ratio

[سنواريو]
Map indicating the human sex ratio by country.
  Countries with more females than males.
  Countries with similar number of males and females.
  Countries with more males than females.
  No data

The value for the entire world population is 1.02 males/female,[7] with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65.

The Northern Mariana Islands have the highest female ratio with 0.77 males per female. Qatar has the highest male ratio, with 2.87 males/female. For the group aged below 15, Sierra Leone has the highest female ratio with 0.96 males/female, and Georgia and China are tied for the highest male ratio with 1.13 males/female (according to the 2006 CIA World Factbook).

The "First World" G7 members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95–0.98 for the total population, of 1.05–1.07 at birth, of 1.05–1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00–1.04 for the group aged 15–64, and of 0.70–0.75 for those over 65.

Countries on the Arabian Peninsula tend to have a "natural" ratio of about 1.05 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those over 65 (Saudi Arabia 1.13, United Arab Emirates 2.73, Qatar 2.84), indicating either an above-average mortality rate for females or a below-average mortality for males, or, more likely in this case, a large population of aging male guest workers. Conversely, countries of Eastern Europe (the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia) tend to have a "normal" ratio at birth but a very low ratio of males among those over 65 (Russia 0.46, Latvia 0.48, Ukraine 0.52); similarly, Armenia has a far above average male ratio at birth (1.17), and a below-average male ratio above 65 (0.67). This effect may be caused by emigration and higher male mortality as result of higher post-Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states. Another possible contributory factor is an aging population, with a higher than normal proportion of relatively elderly people: we recall that due to higher differential mortality rates the ratio of males to females reduces for each year of age.

Unemployment rate

[سنواريو]

8.7% (2010 est.) 8.2% (2009 est.) note: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment (2007 est.)

Languages

[سنواريو]
Map of the Official languages in the world
Official language is by country in the world
Map of the Human language families
Map of the human language families
اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو Language family

Worldwide, English is used widely as a lingua franca and can be seen to be the dominant language at this time. The world's largest language by native speakers is Mandarin Chinese which is a first language of around 1,100 million people, or 12.44% of the population, predominantly in Greater China. Spanish is spoken by around 330 to 400 million people, predominantly in the Americas and Spain. Hindustani (Hindi–Urdu) is spoken by about 370 to 420 million speakers, mostly in India and Pakistan.

Arabic is spoken by around 350 million people predominantly in Arab world. Bengali is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide, predominantly in Bangladesh and India. Portuguese is spoken by about 230 million speakers in Portugal, Brazil, East Timor, and Southern Africa.

There are numerous other languages, grouped into nine major families:

  1. Indo-European languages 46% (Europe, Western Asia, South Asia, North Asia, North America, South America, and Oceania)
  2. Sino-Tibetan languages 21% (East Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, and South Asia)
  3. Niger–Congo languages 6.4% (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  4. Afroasiatic languages 6.0% (North Africa to Horn of Africa, and Western Asia)
  5. Austronesian languages 5.9% (Oceania, Madagascar, and Maritime Southeast Asia)
  6. Dravidian languages 3.7% (South Asia)
  7. Altaic languages (controversial combination of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic families) 2.3% (Central Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Anatolia)[lower-alpha 10]
  8. Austroasiatic languages 1.7% (Mainland Southeast Asia)
  9. Kra–Dai languages 1.3% (Southeast Asia)

There are also hundreds of non-verbal sign languages.

Education

[سنواريو]
World map of countries shaded according to the literacy rate for all people aged 15 and over, as of 2015.[116]

Total population: 83.7% over the age of 15 can read and write, 88.3% male and 79.2% female[حوالو گهربل] note: over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005–09 est.)[حوالو گهربل]

As of 2008, the school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) for a man or woman is 11 years.[حوالو گهربل]

See also

[سنواريو]

سانچو:Col div

Notes

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ "China's Population 1.4 billion 2020". ABC News.
  2. ↑ "India Population 1.38 billion UN Data Estimate".
  3. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (2018-06-13). "Urbanization". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization.
  4. ↑ "Urban population (% of total population) | Data". data.worldbank.org. 25 December 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  5. ↑ World Population Becomes More Urban That Rural
  6. ↑ "Country Comparison :: Population". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. اصل نسخو مان 13 June 2007 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 28 September 2011 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CIA.gov World Factbook – World Statistics
  8. ↑ "World Population Prospects: Data Portal – Population Division". United Nations.
  9. ↑ "The surprising global variation in replacement fertility". Population Research and Policy Review 22 (5/6): 575. 2003. doi:10.1023/B:POPU.0000020882.29684.8e., Introduction and Table 1, p. 580
  10. ↑ "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Korea, Rep". World Bank.
  11. ↑ "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Niger". World Bank.
  12. ↑ "Census.gov". Census.gov. 7 January 2009. اصل نسخو مان 23 August 2010 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 1 August 2010 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  13. ↑ "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) | Data". data.worldbank.org. اصل نسخو مان 11 February 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 26 December 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  14. ↑ Blanchard, Maren⁴ (May 7, 2024). "The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Literacy: How Literacy is Influenced by and Influences SES" (انگريزي ۾). University of Michigan Journal of Economics. January 15, 2025 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  15. ↑ "Illiteracy rates by world region 2016". Statista (انگريزي ۾). 26 December 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  16. 1 2 World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 7 April 2006 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
  17. ↑ "The World at". Un.org. 12 October 1999. 1 August 2010 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  18. ↑ "Population Growth over Human History". Globalchange.umich.edu. اصل نسخو مان 24 July 2011 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 1 August 2010 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  19. ↑ World Population Milestones
  20. ↑ "United Nations Population Fund". UNFPA. 13 May 1968. اصل نسخو مان 22 August 2010 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 6 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  21. ↑ Roser, Max (2022-03-15). "The future is vast – what does this mean for our own life?" (en ۾). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/the-future-is-vast.
  22. ↑ "World's population reaches six billion". BBC News. 5 August 1999. 5 February 2008 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  23. ↑ "UN population estimates". Population Division, United Nations. 4 July 2013 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  24. ↑ Whitehouse, David (19 May 2005). "Half of humanity set to go urban". BBC News.
  25. ↑ Urban, Suburban, and Rural Victimization, 1993–98] U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,. Accessed 29 October 2006
  26. ↑ "World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision". Population Division, United Nations. اصل نسخو مان 9 July 2013 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 4 July 2013 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  27. 1 2 Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). University of Groningen. اصل نسخو (PDF) مان 12 February 2021 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 26 August 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  28. ↑ "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Population growth of the whole country". populstat.info. اصل نسخو مان 23 July 2019 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 11 January 2022 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  29. ↑ سانچو:Cite UN WPP
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects 2022. Summary of Results (PDF). New York.
  31. 1 2 3 "Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100 - PopulationPyramid.net". www.populationpyramid.net. 2026-05-28 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  32. ↑ "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database". United Nations. اصل نسخو مان 27 September 2011 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 11 September 2011 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  33. ↑ "USA: Combined Metropolitan Areas". CityPopulation.de. August 2021. November 19, 2021 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  34. ↑ Censusreporter.org. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  35. ↑ . https://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2021/estimativa_dou_2021.pdf.
  36. ↑ The Evolving Urban Form: Cairo, New Geography, 13 June 2012, 9 Oct 2015 تي حاصل ڪيل
  37. ↑ "Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 (Sindh province)" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (www.pbs.gov.pk). 5 August 2023. 15 August 2023 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  38. ↑ Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal; Kolkata District. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
  39. ↑ "World Demographics Profile 2012". Index Mundi. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 7 June 2012 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 22 May 2012 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  40. ↑ "Day of Eight Billion". 15 Nov 2022 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  41. ↑ Matt Rosenberg (22 July 2016). "Population Density". About.com. اصل نسخو مان 1 February 2017 تي محفوظ ڪيل.
  42. ↑ Matt Rosenberg (2 January 2019). "Population Density Information and Statistics". ThoughtCo. 30 April 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  43. ↑ Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). World Population Prospects, Table A.1 (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. 12 March 2009 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  44. ↑ The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km2
  45. ↑ World Christian Database آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 4 March 2007 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary Centre for the Study of Global Christianity
  46. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. 2 April 2015. اصل نسخو مان 15 June 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 13 May 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  47. ↑ Kettani, H. (2014). The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect. Singapore: Research Publishing Service
  48. ↑ "Mapping the Global Muslim Population". 7 October 2009. اصل نسخو مان 27 April 2010 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 8 October 2009 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  49. ↑ "World distribution of muslim population". Pew Centre. October 2009. اصل نسخو مان 28 December 2009 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 26 December 2009 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  50. ↑ Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 125
  51. ↑ سانچو:Usurped, سانچو:Usurped. "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". اصل نسخو مان 16 January 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2 October 2011 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  52. ↑ Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, et al. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy & Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen. Shambhala: Boston (English: pub. 1994; orig. German: 1986); pg. 50.
  53. ↑ "Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục" (ويتنامي ۾). BBC. 23 March 2008.
  54. ↑ "Asia Sentinel – How Now Tao?". اصل نسخو مان 20 August 2013 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2 October 2011 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  55. ↑ Japanese government آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 25 March 2009 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
  56. ↑ Indian Registrar General & Census Commissioner. "Religious Composition". Census of India, 2001
  57. ↑ "QuickLists: World Religions (2010)". Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. اصل نسخو مان 31 October 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 22 October 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل. Baha'is (sic) 7,305,110
  58. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica (2002). "Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2002". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. ISBN 978-0-85229-555-7.
  59. ↑ MacEoin, Denis (2000). "Baha'i Faith". ۾ Hinnells, John R. (مرتب). The New Penguin Handbook of Living Religions: Second Edition. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-051480-3.
  60. ↑ "QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)". Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. اصل نسخو مان 2 March 2021 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 22 October 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  61. ↑ Sergei Blagov. "Caodaism in Vietnam : Religion vs Restrictions and Persecution آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 2011-10-09 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.". IARF World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 31 July 1999.
  62. ↑ Self-reported figures from 1999; North Korea only (South Korean followers are minimal according to self-reported figures). In The A to Z of New Religious Movements by George D. Chryssides. ISBN 978-0-8108-5588-5
  63. 1 2 Self-reported figures printed in Japanese Ministry of Education's 宗教年間 Shuukyou Nenkan, 2003
  64. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2004) p. 82
  65. ↑ Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 208. "Sekai Kyuseikyo has about one million members, a growing number of them in the west and the third world, especially Brazil and Thailand. "
  66. ↑ Leonard E. Barrett. The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance. Beacon Press, 1988. p. viii.
  67. ↑ American Religious Identification Survey آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 28 April 2011 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
  68. ↑ Analysis (19 December 2011). "Global Christianity". Pew Research Center. اصل نسخو مان 26 December 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 17 August 2012 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  69. ↑ "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues". Pew Research Center. October 29, 2018.
  70. ↑ The results have been studied and found "highly correlated with other sources of data", but "consistently gave a higher estimate for percent Christian in comparison to other cross-national data sets." Hsu, Becky; Reynolds, Amy; Hackett, Conrad; Gibbon, James (9 July 2008). "Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47 (4): 678–693. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00435.x. http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf.
  71. ↑ International Community, Baháʼí (1992). "How many Baháʼís are there?". The Baháʼís. ص. 14. اصل نسخو مان 22 May 2011 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 2 October 2011 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  72. ↑ Barrett, David A. (2001). World Christian Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press. ص. 4. ISBN 978-0-19-507963-0. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 27 April 2011 تي محفوظ ڪيل.
  73. ↑ Barrett, David; Johnson, Todd (2001). "Global adherents of the World's 19 distinct major religions" (PDF). William Carey Library. اصل نسخو (PDF) مان 28 February 2008 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 12 October 2006 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  74. ↑ "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions". Foreign Policy. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. May 2007. اصل نسخو مان 11 July 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 6 March 2017 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  75. ↑ Pew Research Center (19 December 2002). "Among Wealthy Nations U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion". Pew Research Center. محفوظ ڪيل مان اصل نسخي کان 8 October 2006 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 12 October 2006 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  76. ↑ Pew Research Center (1 January 2008). "Income and Religiosity". اصل نسخو مان 5 January 2008 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 14 September 2009 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  77. ↑ "Shall the religious inherit the earth?". Mercator Net. April 6, 2010. اصل نسخو مان June 23, 2019 تي محفوظ ڪيل. February 27, 2020 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  78. ↑ McClendon, David (Autumn 2013). "Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century, by ERIC KAUFMANN". Sociology of Religion 74 (3): 417–9. doi:10.1093/socrel/srt026. https://academic.oup.com/socrel/article-abstract/74/3/417/1640161.
  79. ↑ Kolk, M.; Cownden, D.; Enquist, M. (29 January 2014). "Correlations in fertility across generations: can low fertility persist?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1779). doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2561. PMID 24478294.
  80. ↑ Burger, Oskar; DeLong, John P. (28 March 2016). "What if fertility decline is not permanent? The need for an evolutionarily informed approach to understanding low fertility". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 (1692). doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0157. PMID 27022084.
  81. ↑ "Population paradox: Europe's time bomb". The Independent. 9 August 2008. 31 March 2019 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  82. ↑ United Nations Economic Commission for Europe "Mean age at first marriage by sex". Accessed 21 May 2011.
  83. ↑ "Population by age group". Our World in Data. 26 January 2025 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  84. ↑ Age structure of the world – 2021 CIA World Factbook
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  86. 1 2 Jeff Desjardins (15 February 2019). "Mapped: The Median Age of the Population on Every Continent". Visual Capitalist.
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  88. ↑ "The end of India's green revolution?". BBC News. 29 May 2006. 6 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  89. ↑ Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 2 May 2009 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
  90. ↑ "Rising food prices curb aid to global poor". The Christian Science Monitor. 24 July 2007. https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html.
  91. ↑ "Irish business news". Finfacts. اصل نسخو مان 15 January 2020 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 6 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
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  98. ↑ Federal report shows drop in adolescent birth rate, July 7, 2011 News Release – National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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References

[سنواريو]

سانچو:Demographics by continent سانچو:Lists of countries by population statistics سانچو:Population

حوالا

[سنواريو]

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ The area figures are taken from individual national censuses according to the criteria and statistical concepts noted in the World Urbanization Prospects.
  2. ↑ As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Japan; refers to Kanto major metropolitan area (M.M.A.)
  3. ↑ The population of the city is composed of population in all City Districts meeting the criteria such as "contiguous built-up area", being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee.
  4. ↑ Based on a definition of urban agglomeration that is not restricted to state boundaries.
  5. ↑ The Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration is defined by the municipal corporations of Greater Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Thane and Ulhasnagar, plus the municipal councils of Ambarnath, Badlapur and Mira-Bhayandar. Not to be confused with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes some additional urban and rural units.
  6. 1 2 The number of people who consider themselves party to a "folk tradition" is impossible to determine.
  7. ↑ Figures for the population of Jains differ from just over six million to twelve million due to difficulties of Jain identity, with Jains in some areas counted as a Hindu sect. Many Jains do not return Jainism as their religion on census forms for various reasons such as certain Jain castes considering themselves both Hindu and Jain. Following a major advertising campaign urging Jains to register as such, the 1981 Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains. This was estimated at the time to still be half the true number. The 2001 Census of India had 8.4 million Jains.
  8. ↑ Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the context of Shia Islam, and thus may be classed on this basis as a divergent strand of Islam, placing it in the Abrahamic tradition. However, the Baháʼí Faith considers itself an independent religious tradition, which draws from Islam but also other traditions. The Baháʼí Faith may also be classed as a new religious movement, due to its comparatively recent origin, or may be considered sufficiently old and established for such classification to not be applicable.
  9. ↑ This list includes only independent countries, not regions.
  10. ↑ Since the Mongolic and Tungusic language families have only a relatively small number of speakers, the majority of the Altaic percentage represents speakers of Turkic languages.
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