باڪسائيٽ

باڪسائيٽ (Bauxite؛ ⁱ/ˈbɔːksaɪt/) باڪسائٽ هڪ گاد وارو پٿر آهي جنهن ۾ ايلومينيم جو مقدار نسبتاً وڌيڪ آهي. اهو دنيا ۾ ايلومينيم ۽ گيليم جو مکيه ذريعو آهي. باڪسائٽ گهڻو ڪري ايلومينيم معدنيات گبسائٽ (Al(OH)₃)، بوهمائيٽ (γ-AlO(OH)) ۽ ڊائاسپور (α-AlO(OH)) تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، ٻن لوھه جي آڪسائڊ گوئٿائٽ (FeO(OH)) ۽ هماتائٽ (Fe₂O₃)، ايلومينيم مٽيءَ معدنيات ڪولانائٽ (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄) ۽ ٿوري مقدار ۾ اناٽيس (TiO₂) ۽ ايلمينائيٽ (FeTiO₃ يا FeO*TiO₂) سان مڪس ٿيل ملندو آهي.^[1] ^[2] باڪسائٽ چمڪ ۾ مدھم نظر اچي ٿو ۽ رنگ ڳاڙهو ناسي، اڇو يا ڀورو هوندو آهي.^[3]

سال1821عع ۾، فرانسيسي ماهر ارضيات، پيئري برٿيئر ڏکڻ فرانس جي پرووينس ۾ ليس باڪس ڳوٺ جي ويجهو باڪسائيٽ دريافت ڪيو، جيڪو نالي جو اصل آهي.^[4]^[5]

تشڪيل

پيداوار ۽ ذخيرا

ايلومينيم جي پيداوار

سماجي حفاظت

گيليم جو ذريعو

سماجي-ماحولياتي اثر

پڻ ڏسو

حوالا

↑ "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.
↑ "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.
↑ "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.
↑
P. Berthier (1821) "Analyse de l'alumine hydratée des Beaux, département des Bouches-du-Rhóne" (Analysis of hydrated alumina from Les Beaux, department of the Mouths-of-the-Rhone), Annales des mines, 1st series, 6 : 531–534. Notes:
- In 1847, in the cumulative index of volume 3 of his series, Traité de minéralogie, French mineralogist Armand Dufrénoy listed the hydrated alumina from Les Beaux as "beauxite". (See: A. Dufrénoy, Traité de minéralogie, volume 3 (Paris, France: Carilian-Goeury et Vor Dalmont, 1847), p. 799.)
- In 1861, H. Sainte-Claire Deville credits Berthier with naming "bauxite", on p. 309, "Chapitre 1. Minerais alumineux ou bauxite" of: H. Sainte-Claire Deville (1861) "De la présence du vanadium dans un minerai alumineux du midi de la France. Études analytiques sur les matières alumineuses." آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا April 27, 2021, حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. (On the presence of vanadium in an alumina mineral from the Midi of France. Analytical studies of aluminous substances.), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, 61 : 309–342.
↑ Burgess, N. (October 26, 2015). "March 23, 1821: Bauxite Discovered". Earth. 2021-07-31 تي حاصل ڪيل.

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

وڪيميڊيا العام ۾ سان لاڳاپيل ميڊيا Bauxite.

USGS Minerals Information: Bauxite آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا May 6, 2009, حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
Mineral Information Institute
usgs.gov (Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025): Bauxite)

[1] "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.

[2] "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.

[3] "Aluminum". Minerals Education Coalition.

[4] P. Berthier (1821) "Analyse de l'alumine hydratée des Beaux, département des Bouches-du-Rhóne" (Analysis of hydrated alumina from Les Beaux, department of the Mouths-of-the-Rhone), Annales des mines, 1st series, 6 : 531–534. Notes:
In 1847, in the cumulative index of volume 3 of his series, Traité de minéralogie, French mineralogist Armand Dufrénoy listed the hydrated alumina from Les Beaux as "beauxite". (See: A. Dufrénoy, Traité de minéralogie, volume 3 (Paris, France: Carilian-Goeury et Vor Dalmont, 1847), p. 799.)

In 1861, H. Sainte-Claire Deville credits Berthier with naming "bauxite", on p. 309, "Chapitre 1. Minerais alumineux ou bauxite" of: H. Sainte-Claire Deville (1861) "De la présence du vanadium dans un minerai alumineux du midi de la France. Études analytiques sur les matières alumineuses." آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا April 27, 2021, حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. (On the presence of vanadium in an alumina mineral from the Midi of France. Analytical studies of aluminous substances.), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, 61 : 309–342.

[mwaA] In 1847, in the cumulative index of volume 3 of his series, Traité de minéralogie, French mineralogist Armand Dufrénoy listed the hydrated alumina from Les Beaux as "beauxite". (See: A. Dufrénoy, Traité de minéralogie, volume 3 (Paris, France: Carilian-Goeury et Vor Dalmont, 1847), p. 799.)

[mwbQ] In 1861, H. Sainte-Claire Deville credits Berthier with naming "bauxite", on p. 309, "Chapitre 1. Minerais alumineux ou bauxite" of: H. Sainte-Claire Deville (1861) "De la présence du vanadium dans un minerai alumineux du midi de la France. Études analytiques sur les matières alumineuses." آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا April 27, 2021, حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. (On the presence of vanadium in an alumina mineral from the Midi of France. Analytical studies of aluminous substances.), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, 61 : 309–342.

[5] Burgess, N. (October 26, 2015). "March 23, 1821: Bauxite Discovered". Earth. 2021-07-31 تي حاصل ڪيل.

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