مواد ڏانھن هلو

اوشينيا ۾ خودمختيار رياستن ۽ تابع علائقن جي فهرست

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
اوشيانا ۽ پاڙيسري علائقن جا خاص اقتصادي زون

هي اوشينيا جي جاگرافيائي علائقي ۾ خودمختيار رياستن ۽ منحصر علائقن جي فهرست آهي. جيتوڻيڪ اهو گهڻو ڪري سمنڊ آهي ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٽيڪٽونڪ پليٽن تي پکڙيل آهي، اوشينيا کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن براعظمن مان هڪ طور درج ڪيو ويندو آهي.

هن فهرست جو گهڻو حصو جيوپولٽيڪل اوشينيا جي حدن جي پيروي ڪري ٿو، جنهن ۾ آسٽريليا، ميلانيشيا، مائڪرونيشيا ۽ پولينيشيا شامل آهن. اوشينيا جو مکيه براعظمي علائقو آسٽريليا آهي. [1]

اوشينيا جون حدون

[سنواريو]

ڏکڻ اوڀر ايشيا ۽ اوشيانا جي وچ ۾ حد واضح طور تي بيان نه ڪئي وئي آهي. سياسي سببن جي ڪري، گڏيل قومن ٻنهي علائقن جي وچ ۾ حد کي انڊونيشيائي-پاپوا نيو گني سرحد سمجهي ٿي. پاپوا نيو گني کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ايشيائي سمجهيو ويندو آهي ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو انڊونيشيا جي پاڙيسري آهي، پر اهو نادر آهي، ۽ عام طور تي ان کي اوشيانا جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو آهي. ارضياتي طور تي، مغربي نيو گني ۾ ڇهه انڊونيشيائي صوبا ۽ مالوڪو صوبي ۾ ارو ٻيٽ آسٽريليا جي براعظمي شيلف جا حصا آهن. حياتياتي جاگرافيائي طور تي، واليس لائين ايشيا کي واليسيا کان الڳ ڪري ٿي، هڪ عبوري زون، جڏهن ته ليڊيڪر لائين ان کي آسٽريليا کان الڳ ڪري ٿي. ويبر لائين وچ وارو نقطو آهي، جنهن تي ايشيائي ۽ آسٽريليا جي جانورن ۽ نباتات تقريبن برابر نمائندگي ڪن ٿا.

ساڳي طرح، لاطيني آمريڪا ۽ اوشيانا جي وچ ۾ ڪا به واضح طور تي بيان ڪيل حد ناهي؛ لاطيني آمريڪا جي ويجهو گهڻو ڪري غير آباد سامونڊي پئسفڪ ٻيٽن کي ڪجهه ماڻهن طرفان تاريخي طور تي ۽ موجوده وقت ۾ اوشيانا جو حصو سمجهيو ويو آهي. تقريبن سڀئي ٻيٽ سياسي طور تي آمريڪا سان لاڳاپيل ٿي ويا آهن، پر ڪو به انهن براعظمن جي لاڳاپيل ٽيڪٽونڪ پليٽن تي نه آهي، ۽ نه ئي ڪو به آمريڪا جي مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد هو. تقريبن سڀئي ٻيٽ سياسي طور تي آمريڪا سان لاڳاپيل ٿي ويا آهن، پر ڪو به انهن براعظمن جي لاڳاپيل ٽيڪٽونڪ پليٽن تي نه آهي، ۽ نه ئي ڪولمبين کان اڳ واري دور ۾ آمريڪا جي مقامي ماڻهن جي آبادي هئي. ڪجهه جيو پوليٽيڪل اوشيانا سان مضبوط حياتياتي جاگرافيائي لاڳاپا حصيداري ڪن ٿا. ملائي ٻيٽ تاريخي طور تي اوشيانا سان لاڳاپيل رهيو آهي، جڏهن ته، تمام گهٽ موجوده ڏينهن جي تعريفن ۾ ان کي اوشيانا جو حصو شامل ڪيو ويو آهي. ملائي ٻيٽ ايشيا جي براعظمي شيلف تي واقع آهي؛ ڪرسمس ٻيٽ ۽ ڪوڪوس (ڪيلنگ) ٻيٽ (ٻئي ملائي ٻيٽ سان ملندڙ) آسٽريليا جي ٽيڪٽونڪ پليٽ تي واقع آهن، ۽ سياسي طور تي ايشيا سان لاڳاپيل نه آهن. بونين ٻيٽ، جيڪي سياسي طور تي جاپان ۾ ضم ڪيا ويا آهن، جاگرافيائي طور تي ايشيائي براعظم سان لاڳاپيل نه آهن، ۽ حياتياتي طور تي مائڪرونيشيا جي اندر آهن.


boundary between Southeast Asia and Oceania is not clearly defined. For political reasons, the United Nations considers the boundary between the two regions to be the Indonesian–Papua New Guinean border.[2] Papua New Guinea is occasionally considered Asian as it neighbours Indonesia,[3][4][5] but this is rare, and it is generally accepted to be part of Oceania. Geologically, the six Indonesian provinces in Western New Guinea and Aru Islands in Maluku Province are parts of the Australian continental shelf. Biogeographically, the Wallace line separates Asia from Wallacea, a transitional zone, while the Lydekker line separates it from Australia. Weber Line is the midpoint, at which Asian and Australian fauna and flora are approximately equally represented.

Likewise, there is also no clearly defined boundary between Latin America and Oceania; the mostly uninhabited oceanic Pacific islands near Latin America have been considered by some as part of Oceania, both historically and in present-day times.[6][7][8][9][10] Nearly all of these islands have become politically associated with the Americas, but none lie on the respective tectonic plates of those continents, nor were any inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the pre-Columbian era.[11] Some share strong biogeographical affinities to geopolitical Oceania.[12] The Malay Archipelago has historically been associated with Oceania,[13][9][14][15] however, very few present-day definitions include it as part of Oceania.[16][17] The Malay Archipelago lies on the continental shelf of Asia; Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (both adjacent to the Malay Archipelago) lie on the Australian tectonic plate, and are not politically associated with Asia. The Bonin Islands, which have been politically integrated into Japan, are not geologically associated with the Asian continent, and are biogeographically within Micronesia.

خودمختيار رياستون

[سنواريو]

گڏيل قومن جا ميمبر ملڪ

[سنواريو]

هن حصي ۾ سڀ خودمختيار رياستون شامل آهن جيڪيون خاص طور تي اوشينيا ۾ واقع آهن ۽ گڏيل قومن جون ميمبر رياستون آهن.[18] سڀئي 14 رياستون پئسفڪ آئيلينڊز فورم جون مڪمل ميمبر آهن.[19]

جهنڊو قومي نشان نقشو مختصر، رسمي نالا ۽ ISO[20][21][22][23] ملڪي مختصر ۽ رسمي نالا[20][21] گاديءَ جو هنڌ
[22][24][25]		 آبادي

2016
[26]

 پکيڙ
[27]
 آسٽريليا (AUS)
آسٽريليا جي دولت مشترڪه		 Australia — Commonwealth of Australia ڪينبرا 2,41,25,848 7,741 چورس ڪلوميٽر

(2,989 چورس ميل)

 فجي (FJI)

فجي جي جمهوريه

Fiji — Republic of Fiji

Viti — Matanitu ko Viti

रिपब्लिक ऑफ फीजी/ Ripablik ăph Phījī

 سووا 898,760 18٬274 km2 (7٬056 sq mi)
 ڪريباتي (KIR)

Republic of Kiribati

Kiribati — Republic of Kiribati Kiribati — Ribaberiki Kiribati

 ڏکڻ تراوا 114,395 811 km2 (313 sq mi)
 مارشل آئلينڊز (MHL)

Republic of the Marshall Islands

Marshall Islands — Republic of the Marshall Islands Aelōn̄ in M̧ajeļ - Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ

 ماجورو 53,066 181 km2 (70 sq mi)
 فيڊريٽيڊ اسٽيٽس اف مائڪرونيشيا

FSM

Federated States of Micronesia

 پاليڪر 104,937 702 km2 (271 sq mi)
 ناراو

Republic of Nauru NRU

Nauru — Republic of Nauru

Naoero - Repubrikin Naoero

 ڪوبه سرڪاري گادي ناهي.
سرڪاري دفتر "يارين" ۾ آهن.		 10,834 21 km2 (8 sq mi)
 نيوزي لينڊ[note 1]

NZL

New Zealand

Aotearoa (مائوري)

 ويلنگٽن 4,660,833 267٬710 km2 (103٬363 sq mi)
پالاوو (PLW)

Republic of Palau

Palau — Republic of Pala Belau — Beluu er a Belau

 ڱيرلمود 21,503 459 km2 (177 sq mi)
 پاپوا نيو گني (PNG)

Independent State of Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea — Independent State of Papua New Guinea Papua Niugini — Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini

 پورٽ مورسبي 8,084,991 462٬840 km2 (178٬704 sq mi)
 ساموا

Independent State of Samoa WSM Samoa — Independent State of Samoa

 Samoa — Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o 
Samoa
 آپيا 195,125 2٬831 km2 (1٬093 sq mi)
 Solomon Islands

SLB

 Solomon Islands

Solomon Aelan

 هونيارا 599,419 28٬896 km2 (11٬157 sq mi)
 ٽونگا

Kingdom of Tonga TON

 Tonga — Kingdom of Tonga

Tonga — Pule'anga Tonga

 نوڪوآلوفا 107,122 747 km2 (288 sq mi)
 ٽووالو

TUV

 Tuvalu

Tuvalu

 فونافوٽي 11,097 26 km2 (10 sq mi)
 Vanuatu

Republic of Vanuatu VUT

 Vanuatu — Ripablik blong Vanuatu


وانواتو - وانواتو جي جمهوريه

 پورٽ ولا 270,402 12٬189 km2 (4٬706 sq mi)

Associated states

[سنواريو]

Two states, the Cook Islands and Niue, are in free association with New Zealand. While maintaining a close constitutional and political relationship with New Zealand, both states have full treaty-making capacity and are members of several United Nations specialized agencies. Both independently engage in diplomatic relations with sovereign states under their own name, and are full members of the Pacific Islands Forum. Because of these features, both act in many ways as fully independent states.[28]

Flag Coat of Arms / National Emblem Map English short and formal names[20] Status Domestic short and formal names Capital Population Area[27]
 Cook Islands[22] Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Avarua[22][24] 11,124[29] 236 km2 (91 sq mi)
 Niue[22] Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Alofi[22][24] 1,311[29] 260 km2 (100 sq mi)

غيرخودمختيار علائقا

[سنواريو]

The following are entities considered to be within Oceania that fall into one of these categories:

1. Federal territories of sovereign states located outside these states' mainland.

2. Territories that constitute integral parts of sovereign states in some form other than as federal territories, where a significant part of the sovereign state's landmass is located outside Oceania or the territory is located outside the sovereign state's mainland. Many of these territories are often described as dependencies or autonomous areas.

3. Dependent territories of sovereign states.

Two of these territories (French Polynesia and New Caledonia) are associate members of the Pacific Islands Forum, while five others (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Tokelau, and Wallis and Futuna) hold observer status within the organization.

Flag Coat of Arms / National Emblem Map English short and formal names[20] Status Domestic short and formal names Capital Population Area[27]
 American Samoa

Territory of American Samoa[22]		 Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Pago Pago[22][24] 67,242[29] 199 km2 (77 sq mi)
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 External territory of Australia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. None Uninhabited 5 km2 (2 sq mi)
 Baker Island Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 129.1 km2 (49.8 sq mi)
Central Papua

Central Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Nabire Regency 1,408,981[31] 66٬130.49 km2 (25٬533 sq mi)
 Christmas Island External territory of Australia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Flying Fish Cove[22] / The Settlement[24] 1,843[32] 135 km2 (52 sq mi)
 Clipperton Island Overseas state private property Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. None Uninhabited 6 km2 (2 sq mi)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands External territory of Australia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. West Island[24] / Bantam[22] 544[32] 14 km2 (5 sq mi)
 Coral Sea Islands

Coral Sea Islands Territory		 External territory of Australia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Willis Island Uninhabited 3 km2 (1 sq mi)
Easter Island Special territory of Chile Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Hanga Roa 6,148[33] 163.6 km2 (63 sq mi)
 French Polynesia

Overseas Country of French Polynesia[22]		 Overseas country of France Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[20] Papeete[22][24] 294,935[29] 4٬167 km2 (1٬609 sq mi)
Galápagos Islands Special territory of Ecuador Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 35,000 7٬880 km2 (3٬042 sq mi)
 Guam

Territory of Guam		 Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[20]		 Hagåtña / Agaña[22][24] 183,286[34] 544 km2 (210 sq mi)
 Hawaii

State of Hawaii		 State of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Honolulu 1,404,054[29] 28٬311 km2 (10٬931 sq mi)
Highland Papua

Highland Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Jayawijaya Regency 1,408,641[31] 108٬476 km2 (41٬883 sq mi)
 Howland Island Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 138.6 km2 (53.5 sq mi)
 Jarvis Island Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 152 km2 (59 sq mi)
 Johnston Atoll Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 276.6 km2 (106.8 sq mi)
Juan Fernández Islands Special territory of Chile[35] Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. San Juan Bautista 900 99.06 km2 (38.25 sq mi)
 Kingman Reef Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 1٬958.01 km2 (755.99 sq mi)
 Midway Atoll Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 2٬355.2 km2 (909.3 sq mi)
New Caledonia

Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies		 Overseas sui generis collectivity of France[22] Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[20] Nouméa[22][24] 256,275[29] 18٬575 km2 (7٬172 sq mi)
 Norfolk Island

Territory of Norfolk Island[22]		 External territory of Australia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Norfuk: Teratri of Norf'k Ailen		 Kingston[22][24] 2,169[29] 36 km2 (14 sq mi)
 Northern Mariana Islands

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands[22]		 Unincorporated territory and commonwealth of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Carolinian: Téél Falúw kka Efáng Ilól Marianas

 Saipan[22][24] 46,050[29] 464 km2 (179 sq mi)
Ogasawara Village Part of Ogasawara Village in Tokyo, Japan Bonin Islands: Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (سانچو:Transliteration)

Marcus Island: Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (سانچو:Transliteration)

Parece Vela Reef: Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (سانچو:Transliteration)

Rosario Island: Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (سانچو:Transliteration)

Volcano Islands: Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (سانچو:Transliteration)		 Ōmura (大村) 2,871[36] 104.35 km2 (40 sq mi)[36]
 Palmyra Atoll[20] Incorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 12 km2 (5 sq mi)
Papua

Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Jayapura 1,020,190[31] 81٬049.30 km2 (31٬293 sq mi)
 Pitcairn Islands

Pitcairn Group of Islands		 British overseas territory Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Pitkern: Pitkern Ailen		 Adamstown[22][24] 48[29] 47 km2 (18 sq mi)
South Papua

South Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Merauke Regency 517,623[31] 127٬280.69 km2 (49٬143 sq mi)
Southwest Papua

Southwest Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Sorong 603,054[31] 39٬167 km2 (15٬122 sq mi)
 Tokelau[22] Dependent territory of New Zealand Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.		 Each Atoll has its own administrative centre.[22][24] 1,384[29] 12 km2 (5 sq mi)
 Wake Island Unincorporated territory of the United States Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[30] None Uninhabited[30] 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi)
 Wallis and Futuna

Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands		 Overseas collectivity of France Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[20] Mata-Utu[22][24] 15,398[29] 142 km2 (55 sq mi)
West Papua

West Papua Province		 Province of Indonesia Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Manokwari 551,791[29] 64٬125.66 km2 (24٬759 sq mi)

پڻ ڏسو

[سنواريو]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", اصل کان 20 آگسٽ 2003 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 30 آگسٽ 2010۔
  2. ↑ "Marcos Diaz Crosses Oceania-Asia Border to Raise Awareness of MDGS | End Poverty 2015", اصل کان 24 جولاءِ 2010 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 27 آگسٽ 2010۔
  3. ↑ Frank Barton, Thomas (1978). "Papua New Guinea: Tenth country of Southeast Asia?". Journal of Geography 77 (7): 269–272. doi:10.1080/00221347808980139. Bibcode: 1978JGeog..77..269B. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221347808980139?journalCode=rjog20. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  4. ↑ Quan, Jinqiang; Cai, Yuan; Yang, Tianliang; Ge, Qianyun; Jiao, Ting; Zhao, Shengguo (2020). "Phylogeny and conservation priority assessment of Asian domestic chicken genetic resources". Global Ecology and Conservation 22. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00944. Bibcode: 2020GEcoC..2200944Q.
  5. ↑ "First night-flowering orchid found in Asia", 22 November 2011۔
  6. ↑ "Oceania Bibliography". Helictite: Journal of Australasian Cave Research 25 (1). 1987. https://helictite.caves.org.au/pdf4/25.01.Issue.Print.pdf. Retrieved 16 March 2022. "This paper covers the region from Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea, a province of New Guinea) in the west to Galapagos Islands (Equador) and Easter Island (Chile) in the east.".
  7. ↑ Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1986. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30152/RevOceania.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Retrieved 17 January 2022. "Easter Island on the east has been included on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart. The other islands of the eastern Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) have sometimes been included in Oceania."
  8. ↑ Todd, Ian (1974). Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama. Angus & Robertson. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-207-12761-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific. Retrieved 2 February 2022. "[we] can further define the word culture to mean language. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non - Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish - Latin - American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures."
  9. 1 2 Brown, Robert (1876). "Oceania: General Characteristics". The countries of the world. Oxford University. https://books.google.com/books?id=3-0DAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22oceania%22+%22juan%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA2. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  10. ↑ "Oceania Military Guide", GlobalSecurity.org, حاصل ڪيل 6 January 2022۔
  11. ↑ Flett, Iona; Haberle, Simon (2008). "East of Easter: Traces of human impact in the far-eastern Pacific". in Clark, Geoffrey. Islands of Inquiry. ANU Press. pp. 281–300. ISBN 978-1-921313-89-9. http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p26551/pdf/ch181.pdf.
  12. ↑ Udvardy, Miklos D.F., "A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World", UNESCO, حاصل ڪيل 7 March 2022۔
  13. ↑ Parley, Peter (1866). Tales about Europe, Asia, Africa, America, & Oceania. Oxford University. p. 2. https://books.google.com/books?id=hmIDAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Norfolk+Island+,+New+Zealand+,+and+some+smaller%22&pg=PA458. Retrieved 12 March 2022. "Oceania consists of Australasia, Polynesia and Malaysia. Australasia means South Asia. It comprises New Holland or Australia, Van Diemen's Land or Tasmania, Papua or New Guinea, Norfolk Island, New Zealand and some smaller islands. Polynesia is the term given to the various islands in the Pacific Ocean, which, as you may see on the map, are situated to the eastward of Australia, including the Philippine Islands. Malaysia is the name given to the islands of the Malay Archipelago, which are principally inhabited by the Malay race, comprising Borneo, the Sunday Isles, Celebes, Moluccas [...]"
  14. ↑ Cornell, Sophia S. (1859). Cornell's First Steps in Geography. The University of Michigan. https://books.google.com/books?id=wew1AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22malaysia+oceania%22&pg=PT1. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  15. ↑ Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopædia: Volume 9. The University of Virginia. 1885. p. 657. https://books.google.com/books?id=J2NRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22easter+island%22+%22oceania%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA657. Retrieved 13 March 2022. "the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasia—generally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the Indian archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malaysia [...] we have the three geographical divisions of Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, the last mentioned of which embraces all the groups and single islands not included under the other two. Accepting this arrangement, still the limits between Australasia and Polynesia have not been very accurately defined; indeed, scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject; neither shall we pretend to decide in the matter. The following list, however, comprises all the principal groups and single island not previously named as coming under the division of Australasia: 1. North of the equator—The Ladrone or Marian islands. the Pelew islands, the Caroline islands, the Radack and Ralick chains, the Sandwich islands, Gilbert's or Kingstnill's archipelago. and the Galapagos. 2. South of the equator—The Ellice group, the Phoenix and Union groups. the Fiji islands, the Friendly islands, the Navigator's islands. Cook's or Harvey islands, the Society islands. the Dangerous archipelago, the Marquesas islands, Pitcairn island, and Easter island."
  16. ↑ Henderson, John William (1971). Area Handbook for Oceania. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 5. https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOIqt-UQowC&dq=%22oceania%22+%22aleutian+islands%22&pg=PR5. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  17. ↑ "Oceania | Definition, Population, & Facts | Britannica", www.britannica.com, 9 April 2024۔
  18. ↑ "United Nations Member States", United Nations, حاصل ڪيل 15 February 2012۔
  19. ↑ "United Nations Member States", United Nations, حاصل ڪيل 15 February 2012۔
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Field Listing :: Names", CIA, اصل کان 13 جون 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 15 August 2011۔
  21. 1 2 "UNGEGN List of Country Names", United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, 2007, حاصل ڪيل 15 August 2011۔
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "List of countries, territories and currencies", Europa, 9 August 2011, حاصل ڪيل 23 August 2011۔
  23. ↑ "ISO 3166", International Organization for Standardization, 1974, حاصل ڪيل 24 جولاءِ 2022۔
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Field Listing :: Capital", CIA, اصل کان 13 جون 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 August 2011۔
  25. ↑ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names", United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, 29 July 2011, حاصل ڪيل 23 August 2011۔
  26. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision", ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, حاصل ڪيل 10 September 2017۔
  27. 1 2 3 "Field Listing :: Area", CIA, اصل کان 13 جون 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 23 August 2011۔
  28. ↑ Gillard, Charles Andrew (2012), "Sovereignty, Self-Determination and the South-West Pacific", University of Waikato, حاصل ڪيل 27 January 2014۔
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Country Comparison :: Population", CIA, July 2012, اصل کان 13 جون 2007 تي آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 2 September 2012۔
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "How are U.S. states, territories, and commonwealths designated in the Geographic Names Information System?", U.S. Geological Survey, حاصل ڪيل 24 November 2020۔
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022.
  32. 1 2 Australian Government – Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "2016 Census: Christmas Island", حاصل ڪيل 10 January 2018۔
  33. ↑ "COMUNAS: ACTUALIZACIÓN POBLACIÓN 2002-2012 Y PROYECCIONES 2013-2020", National Statistics Institute (ٻولي ۾ هسپانوي), حاصل ڪيل 20 April 2015۔
  34. ↑ "Guam", CIA, حاصل ڪيل 23 August 2011۔
  35. ↑ "Weekly Analysis: Chile's Pacific Presence. | 36th Parallel Assessments (NZ)", 27 April 2012۔
  36. 1 2 管内概要｜小笠原支庁 آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 2017-07-24 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين. (in Japanese).
  1. ↑ New Zealand has five island groups in the Subantarctic. New Zealand claims territory in the Antarctic as the Ross Dependency.
حوالي جي چڪ: "note" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="note"/> نہ مليو
"https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اوشينيا_۾_خودمختيار_رياستن_۽_تابع_علائقن_جي_فهرست&oldid=347255" تان ورتل