مواد ڏانھن هلو

اسپين ۾ اڳوڻين مسجدن جي فهرست

کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان
مسجد-ڪئٿيڊرل آف ڪورڊوبا (اڳوڻي مسجد قرطبه) اسپين ۾ بهترين محفوظ ڪيل پراڻين اڏاوتن مان هڪ آهي.

هي اسپين ۾ اڳوڻين مسجدن جي فهرست آهي. ان ۾ اڳوڻين مسجدن (اسپيني :Mezquita ؛ ميزڪيتا) ۽ اسلامي عبادت گاهن جي فهرست ڏنل آهي، جيڪيون موجوده اسپين جي جديد حدن اندر واقع هيون. انهن مان گهڻيون مسجدون اندلس واري دور جون آهن. اسپين ۾ کليل، فعال مسجدن جي فهرست لاءِ ڏسو: اسپين ۾ مسجدن جي فهرست.

هن فهرست ۾ اڳوڻي مسجد جي اصطلاح ۾ اندلس ۾ اسلامي نماز لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ ڪا به مسجد يا نماز جي جڳهه شامل آهي پر هاڻي مسجد طور موجود ناهن.

اها اڳوڻيون مسجدون سال 711ع کان 1492ع تائين الاندلس جي دور ۾ مسلمانن جي عبادت گاهن طور استعمال ٿينديون هيون جڏهن اتر آفريڪا سان تعلق رکندڙ مختلف مسلم مور بادشاهتون آئبيرين جزيره نما جي ڪجهه حصن تي حڪومت ڪنديون هيون. انهن مان گهڻيون اڳوڻيون مسجدون ۽ مذهبي عمارتون يا ته گرجا گهرن ۾ تبديل ڪيون ويون يا عيسائين جي آئبيرين جزيره نما جي ٻيهر فتح (Reconquesta) کان پوءِ ڊاهي ڇڏيون ويون.

تاريخ

[سنواريو]

مسجدون اندلس سماجي، سياسي ۽ ثقافتي دائري جو هڪ لازمي حصو هيون. ڏهين صدي جي عظيم قرطبه جي مسجد جي باقيات کان سواءِ، انهن پراڻين تاريخي مسجدن بابت انگريزي ٻولي ۾ تمام گهٽ دستاويز موجود آهن.

انهن مسجدن جي تعداد بابت صرف اندازا موجود آهن. بهرحال، اهو لڳي ٿو ته مسلم اسپين ۾ ممڪن طور تي هزارين مسجدون موجود هيون. هڪ اندازي مطابق، صرف قرطبه ۾ 3,000 مسجدون، حمام ۽ محل هئا. اهو ڏهين صدي دوران هو، جڏهن قرطبه دنيا جي وڏن شهرن مان هڪ هو ۽ ان ۾ 250,000 کان وڌيڪ عمارتون هيون جيڪي چوويهه ميل ڊگهي ۽ ڇهه ميل ويڪري علائقي ۾ پکڙيل هيون. اڄ قرطبه ۾ اهي پراڻيون مسجدون قرطبه جي عظيم مسجد ۽ ڪجهه ٻين بربادين ۽ باقيات کان سواءِ گم ٿي ويون آهن، سواءِ قرطبه جي عظيم مسجد ۽ سان جوآن جي مينار جي، گم ٿي ويون آهن. هڪ وقت ۾ جڏهن غرناطه جي امارت جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ غرناطه شهر هو (1230-1492ع)، شهر ۾ 137 مسجدون هيون. هن دور ۾ مدينه الزهراء (شهر) يورپ جي وڏن شهرن مان هڪ هو ۽ عيسائين جي ڪنٽرول وارن علائقن مان نيڪالي ڏيڻ کان پوءِ پناهه وٺندڙ مسلمانن جي وڏي تعداد جو استقبال ڪيو. هن آمد ان جي سائيز کي ٻيڻو ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ سال 1450ع تائين غرناطه کي آبادي جي لحاظ کان يورپ جو سڀ کان وڏو شهر بڻائي ڇڏيو.

مسجدن جي واڌ ويجهه وڏن شهرن تائين محدود نه هئي، ننڍن شهرن ۽ قصبن ۾ ڪيتريون ئي مسجدون تعمير ڪيون ويون هيون ته جيئن مسلمان پنهنجي روزاني پنج وقت جي نماز جماعت سان ادا ڪري سگهن. غرناطه شهر ۾ 18 مسجدون هيون، جن مان صرف غرناطه جي القصر جي قلعي اندر مسجد اڄ به بچيل آهي. نذري غرناطه امارات جي دور ۾ ويلز-مالگا (ان وقت بالس مديني جي نالي سان مشهور) ۾ 16 مسجدون هيون. رونڊا، هڪ ننڍڙو شهر، ۾ 7 يا 8 مسجدون هيون جن مان اڄ صرف هڪ وچولي سائيز جي مسجد جو مينار باقي آهي. ٽوليڊو ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 5 اڳوڻيون مسجدون اڃا تائين موجود آهن جن جي اصل اڏاوت گهٽ ۾ گهٽ جزوي طور تي محفوظ آهي، جيئن هيٺ ڏنل فهرست ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي.

فهرست

[سنواريو]

اڳوڻي مسجدون جن جي عمارتون يا کنڊر بچيل آهن

[سنواريو]

هي جدول سڃاڻپ ٿيل اصل عمارتن سان يا اڳوڻي مسجد جا کنڊر جيڪي اڃا تائين احاطي ۾ موجود آهن، اندلس (اسپين) ۾ اڳوڻين مسجدن جي فهرست ڏئي ٿي.

نوٽ: اسپيني ٻولي ۾ ميزڪيتا (Mezquita) جو مطلب مسجد آهي.

موجوده نالو مسجد جو نالو تصوير شهر صوبو کولڻ جو سال بند ٿيڻ جو سال

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 نوٽ

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 حوالا
ميزڪيتا ڪيٿيڊرل آف ڪورڊوبا جامع مسجد قرطبه قرطبه اندلوسيا early 8th century 1236 After the Muslim conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom (710~), the site of former main Visigothic church of Cordoba was divided and shared between Muslims and Christians for seven decades. Later Abd al-Rahman I purchased Christian part and built the great mosque in 785.[1] Major extensions were added in 9th and 10th centuries, until final extension in the 10th century under Almanzor. After Christians captured Cordoba in 1236, King Ferdinand III of Castile converted the mosque into a cathedral. Later, a cathedral was built at the center of the old mosque, configuring the current Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba. It was the second largest mosque in the world after Mecca Great mosque from around the 9th century, until Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul was built in 1588. It had a surface area of 23,400 چورس ميٽرs (2.34 ha) and accommodated an estimated 32,000 to 40,000 worshipers. Current mosque structure date from 784 to 987.[2] [2][3]
ڪرستو ڊي لا لوز جي مسجد ميزڪيتا باب المردوم ٽوليڊو قستاليه لا مانچا 999 1186 Converted into a church. One of the best preserved Moorish mosques in Spain.[2] [2][3]
گيرالدا جامع مسجد اشبيليه اشبيليه اندلوسيا 1248 Only minaret remains. Mosque comparable in size to Great mosque of Cordoba, destroyed by earthquake in 1365. Minaret used as a church bell tower was built higher in the 16th century. [2]
ڪواتروويتاس جي مسجد بولولوس ڊي لا ميتاشيئو اشبيليه اندلوسيا 1180 15th century The Hermitage of Our Lady of Cuatrovitas was originally an Almohad mosque. Despite the modifications, the original structure can still be reproduced. The tower is in fact the minaret.[4]
المنستر لا ريال مسجد المنستر لا ريال اندلوسيا 10th century Built on site of the 5th-century Visigoth basilica. Converted into a church after Reconquista. National Monument since 1931. [2][3]
ميزڪيتا ڊيل الڪزر ڊي لا فرونٽيرا جيريز ڊي لا فرونٽيرا (جيريز) اندلوسيا 11th century mid 13th century Located within former Moorish fortress of Alcazar of Jerez de la Frontera. Only surviving mosque building of 18 former mosques in the Jerez city. Converted into church after Reconquista. [2][3]
لاس تورنيرياس جي مسجد المستيميم ٽوليڊو قستاليه لا مانچا 1060[5] Unusual two-storied mosque. Was built in a busy commercial neighborhood (Arrabal de Francos). Used as a church until 1498–1505, and other uses since. Restoration and preservation done recently. [3][5][6]
ڊي تورتوليس جي مسجد تارازونا اراگون 15th century Mosque remains almost not altered in the later centuries. Current building was built in 2 stages, one early 15th century, other late 15th century. It is attached to the remains of the old fortified tower of town castle. Converted into a church in 1526. [7]
جامع مسجد مدينه الزهراء جامع مسجد مدينه الزهراء قرطبه اندلوسيا 940 1010 A mosque in Madinat al-Zahra, a vast, fortified Moorish palace-city built by Abd-ar-Rahman III (912–961). The marbled, jeweled complex was plundered & destroyed first by Muslims, then by Christians when civil war ended Caliphate of Córdoba. A UNESCO World Heritage site since 2018. [8]
سان سيباستين ڊي ٽوليڊو الدباغين مسجد ٽوليڊو قستاليه لا مانچا 1085~ Converted into a church after 1085 Christian conquest of area. Renovated several times but original interior structure remains. Building now used as a concert and exhibition hall. Bell tower built in the 15th century shows characteristics of a former minaret. Ruins of Arab Baths of Tenerías remain lower below on slope.[9] A short reference to mosque exist by Ibn Baskuwal (1101–83) reported by Fath ibn Ibrahim.[10] [9][10]
قصر الجعفريه ۾ ننڍي شاهي مسجد ساراگوسا اراگون 10th century Located inside the great fortified palace. A small octagonal mosque, designed as a private oratory for the king and his family. Mosque architecture inspired by Córdoba mosque. Aljafería is a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1986.[11] [11]
اگليزيا ڊي ايل سلواڊور، ٽوليڊو ٽوليڊو قستاليه لا مانچا 9th century 1085 Mosque built on former Visigoth or Roman substrate. Now a rebuilt church but excavations revealed 9th century structures & elements of mosque - horseshoe arch arcade, primitive stone minaret, flooring, courtyard with cistern.[12][13] [12][13]
Alminar de Árchez, Alminar Mudéjar (Mudejar Minaret of Árchez) Masjid al-Ta`ibin, Mezquita de los Conversos[14] (Mosque of convert) آرڪئز اندلوسيا 14th century Only 15 meter tall minaret remains, used as belfry of Árchez church built on mosque location. Minaret is an Almohade architecture monument and only remaining jewel of Nazarí period.[15] [15]
San Sebastian Minaret (Alminar De San Sebastian) رونڊا اندلوسيا 1485 Only minaret of the medium-size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains. Minaret was expanded and used as a bell tower. The mosque was converted to a church but destroyed in 1600s during Morisco Revolts. Ronda was a Muslim city for 700 years. The city had 7 or 8 mosques, none survive today.[16] [16]
Alminar de San Juan (Minaret of San Juan) قرطبه اندلوسيا 930 Only minaret remains of mosque built in 930 during 1st Spanish Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Rahman III. Now its belfry of San Juan church.[17] [17]
Iglesia de Santiago del Arrabal, Toledo ٽوليڊو قستاليه لا مانچا Converted to church in 1223–25. Caliphate era minaret survives. Church is a Mudéjar style masterpiece, built in 1245–47 on prior structures of a mosque and Visigoth building.[18] [18]
چرچ آف نيوسترا سينورا ڊي لا انڪارنيسيون

(Benaque, Macharaviaya)

 ماڪاراويا اندلوسيا One of few preserved mosques with original minaret and solid block building built of brick & masonry. Interior single rectangular prayer hall now a church nave. Drilling Mecca facing wall in 2003 showed original mosque construction and 19th century work. Reconquista era document says "...While it was the visitation and reformation of the houses in the alcayua (or alamiya) in Benaque, the inhabitants used mosque as a parish church, where they had images and heard Mass..." .[19][20] [19]

اصل عمارتون تباهه ٿي ويو آهن

[سنواريو]

هي جدول اندلس (اسپين) ۾ اڳوڻين مسجدن جي فهرست ڏئي ٿي. ڪا به معلوم بچيل مسجد عمارت ناهي. اصل مسجدون مڪمل طور تي ماڻهن طرفان، جنگ يا قدرتي سببن، جهڙوڪ زلزلن، جي ڪري تباهه ڪيون ويون. ماڳ تي، مسجد جي نشانن کي تباهه ڪندي يا ڍڪڻ سان، ٻيون اڏاوتون ٺاهيون ويون. مسجد جي کنڊرن ۽ پٿر جي مواد کي اڪثر نئين اڏاوتن جي تعمير لاءِ ٻيهر استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو. تنهن هوندي به، انهن هنڌن تي، موجوده عمارتن اندر يا احاطي ۾ غير کوٽيل کنڊرن تي اڃا تائين اڻڄاتل اصل اڏاوتون شامل ٿي سگهن ٿيون.

موجوده نالو مسجد جو نالو جاء جي تصوير جاء افتتاح جو سال ختم جو سال نوٽ

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 حوالو
Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza Aljama de Saraqusta, Mezquita Mayor de Zaragoz (Great Mosque of Zaragoza) Zaragoza 714-716 1119 One of the largest & oldest mosques in Al-Andalus. Enlarged later to 54 × 86 meters. Looked like Cordoba great mosque. First built by Hanas ben Abdallah as San’ani, a disciple of prophet Muhammad according to al-Humauydí. Converted to Cathedral despite another Cathedral very near used by Christians during Moorish rule. Minaret lasted till 17th century. Restoration in 1999, revealed mosque size, entrance location etc.[21][22] [21][22]
Iglesia Colegial del Divino Salvador Mosque of Ibn Abbas Seville 830 or earlier 1340 century mosque built to a church. The original building deteriorated over time until in 1674 it was demolished and construction of a new Baroque church was begun. The present-day church preserves only minor traces of

Seville
Church of San Nicolás, Madrid Aljama mosque of Mayrit Madrid Current oldest church in Madrid dating back to 1202. It was built over a mosque of what was then called Mayrit. Archaeologists believe that the 12th century bell tower was originally a minaret. Tower in Moorish Arabic Mudéjar architecture. The Muslims lost Madrid in 1085.[23][24][25] [23][24]

[25]

Granada Cathedral Nasrid Great Mosque of Granada Granada Emirate of Granada, last Muslim kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula fell in 1492. Granada Cathedral began in 1505 on the site of the city's main mosque.[26] Royal Chapel of Granada is built over the former terrace of the Great Mosque. [26]
Basílica de Santa María de la Asunción Arcos de la Frontera Church was built in 15th-16th century on the remains of a Moorish mosque. Site dates back to 8th-9th century.[27] [27]
Baza Cathedral Baza Cathedral was built on the site of an old mosque in the 16th century.[28] Baza was under Moorish rule from 713 to 1489 AD with a population of 50,000.[29] [28]
Guadix Cathedral Al-Hama mosque[30] Guadix Principle mosque of Guadix when Muslims ruled it from 711 to 1489. Mosque built over a Visigoth temple. Cathedral began construction over mosque in 1710.[31] [30]
Church of Santa Catalina, Valencia Valencia 13th century Converted into church shortly after the reconquista in the 13th century. Church was rebuilt several times since.[32] [32]
Valencia Cathedral Valencia Originally a Roman temple, it was turned into a Visigothic cathedral, then into a mosque under Moors. Converted into a cathedral in 1238 after the Reconquista and rebuilt later.[33][34] [34]
Iglesia de San Román, Toledo, (Museum of the Councils of Toledo) Toledo 13th century Mudéjar style rebuilt church. Contains traces of a Caliphate mosque, primitive Visigoth Church pillars and possible prior Roman building. Groups of three, toral arches like in a caliphate mosque prayer hall and two parts in Mudejar bell tower indicate a previous Islamic minaret base.[35][36] [35][36]
Old Cathedral of Lleida Lleida 882 1149 In 882 on this hill, Moors reordered defenses over a previous Visigoth structure and built the Zuda along with a mosque. Following the Reconquista, the mosque was converted into a Cathedral.[37] 2 fornículas rescued from old city mosque place on a cathedral door. [37]
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption (Alfacar) Mimbar de Alfacar Alfacar 1500 Arab mosque consecrated after revolt in 1500 and a primitive church built on its foundations. Current church built in Mudejar style in 1557. At the decline of the Muslim era, the town consisted of 980 people and 245 houses.[38][39] [38][39]
Church of Santa Maria de Tarifa Tarifa Church was built end of 13th-century over mosque remains. Four columns and part of the coffered ceiling of the mosque are preserved.[40]
Iglesia de San Mateo (Tarifa) Tarifa Old mosque within premises of town's Alcazar fortification. Current church built in 1506 on remains of a mosque.[41]

پڻ ڏسو

[سنواريو]

حوالا

[سنواريو]
  1. ↑ L. M. (February 27, 2014), La basílica de San Vicente Mártir, la primacía de lo cristiano, ABC, اصل نسخو مان March 29, 2019 تي محفوظ ڪيل, May 26, 2026 تي حاصل ڪيل
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "a1".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Magnificent Mosques of Spain". halaltrip.com. 27 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  4. ↑ "mesquitasespana". 19 November 2024 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  5. 1 2 "Las Tornerías". archnet.org. 27 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  6. ↑ "Fusion of Roman, Visigoth and Muslim culture". turismocastillalamancha.es. 27 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  7. ↑ "Mosque of Tórtoles (Tarazona, ZARAGOZA)". patrimonioculturaldearagon.es. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  8. ↑ "Cordoba City - Madinat al-Zahra". andalucia.com. 21 March 2015. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  9. 1 2 "Church (old mosque) of San Sebastián de Toledo". arteguias.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  10. 1 2 The existence of the Al-Dabbagin mosque is attested by a short reference by Ibn Baskuwal (1101-83) reported by Fath ibn Ibrahim. see: ''Actas de las i jornadas de Cultura Islámica, Toledo'', Instituto Occidental de Cultura Islámica (ed.) 1987, p. 158
  11. 1 2 "Aljafería Palace (Islamic part) in Discover Islamic Art". discoverislamicart.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  12. 1 2 "Iglesia de El Salvador de Toledo". turismocastillalamancha.es. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  13. 1 2 "Church of the Savior". toledomonumental.com. اصل نسخو مان 25 August 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  14. ↑ San Juan de los Reyes (Granada) Alminar
  15. 1 2 "Mudejar Minaret". malaga.es. 29 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  16. 1 2 "San Sebastian Minaret". rondatoday.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  17. 1 2 "Minaret of San Juan". archnet.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  18. 1 2 "Church of Santiago del Arrabal". discoverislamicart.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  19. 1 2 "Parish Church of Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación Benaque". andaluciarustica.com. 16 September 2013. 30 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  20. ↑ "Church of Our Lady of the Incarnation. Mural paintings, minaret and cemetery. - Benaque (Macharaviaya)". viajerosencortomalaga.com. اصل نسخو مان 16 January 2019 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 30 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  21. 1 2 "La Seo De Zaragoza: De Mezquita A Catedral". historiaragon.com. 6 January 2017. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  22. 1 2 "La Seo de Zaragoza and the aljama mosque of Saraqusta". Tzagr alAndalús. Andalusian Aragon. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  23. 1 2 "Iglesia de San Nicolás de los Servitas". gomadrid.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  24. 1 2 "Church of San Nicolás de Bari de los Servitas". esmadrid.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  25. 1 2 "La Iglesia de San Nicolas — The Oldest Church in Madrid". letstalkmadrid.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  26. 1 2 "Cathedral of Grenada". alhambra.info. اصل نسخو مان 7 October 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  27. 1 2 "Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción". andalucia.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  28. 1 2 "The Baza Cathedral". cuevastianabaza.com. اصل نسخو مان 29 September 2018 تي محفوظ ڪيل. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  29. ↑ "Baza". theodora.com. 29 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  30. 1 2 "Guadix Cathedral". spain.info. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  31. ↑ "Diocese of Guadix". newadvent.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  32. 1 2 "The Micalet and the Santa Catalina". valencia.for91days.com. 5 October 2015. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  33. ↑ "Historical facts at the Valencia Cathedral". catedraldevalencia.es. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  34. 1 2 "Cathedral in Valencia - A Visitor's Guide". valencia-tourist-guide.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  35. 1 2 "Museum of Councils and Visigoto Culture - Church of San Roman". toledoguiaturisticaycultural.com. 29 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  36. 1 2 "Church of San Román, Toledo". arteguias.com. 29 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  37. 1 2 "Asociación Amics de la Seu Vella de Lleida". amicsseuvellalleida.org. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  38. 1 2 "Alfacar Granada". verpueblos.com. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  39. 1 2 "Church of Our Lady of the Assumption (Alfacar)". granadapedia.wikanda.es. 28 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  40. ↑ "Tarifa, Cadiz". arteguias.com. 30 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
  41. ↑ "Church of San Mateo de Tarifa". escapadarural.com. 30 September 2018 تي حاصل ڪيل.
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